Prenatal & Birth
The 3 stages of prenatal development are
What are the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods?
When connections between neurons gets strong and multiple neurons form new connections with other neurons
What is Synaptic blooming
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
what are Schemas?
The primary emotions
What are fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and joy
1. the variable being manipulated
2. the variable being measured
what are...?
1. independent variables
2. dependent variables
A that can cause a negative birth defects?
What are teratogens?
A study demonstrated that by 15 months old, this was the most common fruit or vegetable eaten by infants in the U.S.
What are French fries?
3 characteristics of child-directed speech
What are a higher-than-normal pitch, slower tempo, and use of simple words and sentences?
A crucial action for caregivers during an infants first year of life
What is soothing?
an individuals adaptive capacity relative to others of the same chronological age
what is psychological aging?
Strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, and despair after childbirth
What is postpartum depression?
4 key aspects of the dynamic systems view of motor deveopment
what are embodied, embedded, enculturated, and enabling?
Infants make mistake of looking in familiar hiding places rather than new hiding places
What is A-not-B error?
Distressed crying of an infant whenthe caregiver leaves
what is separation protest?
a chromosomal abnormality in the X chromosome that can lead to intellectual/learning disabilities and shorter attention span
What is fragile X syndrome?
The 3 layers of cells during the embryonic period are...
(hint: inner, middle, and outer)
What are the endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Benefits associated with sleeping in separate rooms from infants (provide 3)
What are earlier bedtimes, shorter time to fall asleep, more total sleep, less sleep interruptions?
Biological predisposition that enables child to detect rules and features of language
What is a language acquisition device?
what are trust vs. mistrust and autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
Define for double points (no notes)
1. Nature vs. Nurture
2. Stability and Change
3. Continuity and Discontinuity
1. Physical traits and environmental factors influence our development
2. Personality traits: remains consistent over time vs change with our experiences
3. Development is: a gradual Cumulative vs. Development occurs in stages
Connects the uterus to umbilical cord and assists with nutrient transportation and waste removal
What is the placenta?
2 elements that influence brain development according to the neural constructionist view
What are biological processes and environment conditions?
the 6 substages of Piaget's sensorimotor stage (provide 4)
What are: 1. simple reflexes, 2. First habits and primary circular reactions, 3. Secondary circular reactions, 4. coordination of secondary circular reactions, 5. tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity, 6. internalization of schemas
Harlow's dependency study findings
What are that animals, including humans, see our parents/caregivers as a source of comfort over nourishment and that physical touch provides us comfort and helps us manage anxiety as an infant?
An employee puts in extra effort into work, The boss says they can go home early with pay. According to B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning, this is an example of...
What is negative reinforcement?