Language & Language Use
Theory of Mind
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Social and Emotional Development
Emerging Adulthood
100
What is common ground?
Information that is shared by people who engage in a conversation
100
What is Visual Perspective Taking?
the ability to understand what someone else sees and how they see it from their point of view.
100
When does autism typically emerge in the lifespan?
first 3 years
100
What are the 3 functions of emotion?
Interpersonal, intrapersonal, social and cultural
100
Joshua is more likely to engage in risky behaviours when he is a teen, opposed to when he becomes an adult - why may this be?
the brain’s dopaminergic system contribute to increases in adolescents’ sensation-seeking and reward motivation - combination of this and lack of PFC development = no resistance to cognitive impulse
200
In language, we align each other 's using words and expressions called ___ and grammar rules that string words together called ____.
(lexicon, syntax)
200
Individuals with Autism often have difficulty inferring Theory of Mind because their social processing tends to be more __?
analytical
200
What are the main diagnoses of Autism?
social and communication impairments + repetitive and restricted interests and behaviours
200
Peter is a very hyperactive kid, and his parents take him on lots of trips to the park, and involve him in lots of activities. Peter and his parents can be said to have strong __?
goodness of fit
200
Sam has planned to be a doctor since he was 4 years old. He has never considered any other options, and when he gets to university he only applies to health sciences and pre-med programs. What type of identity formation does Sam exhibit?
Foreclosure
300
According to the Social Brain Hypothesis the human brain has evolved so that..
humans can maintain larger ingroups
300
During an experiment, Emily watches an experimenter move Kyle’s juice box from the couch to the table when he leaves the room.” When Kyle comes back into the room to look for his juice, the experimenter asks Emily where will he look? If Emily does not have mental state inference, where will she think Kyle will look? This is an example of what experiment?
the table - false belief test
300
What is the social brain?
The set of neuroanatomical structures that allows us to understand the actions and intentions of other people
300
What purpose do attachment behaviors serve? Give an example.
Attachment behaviors serve to maintain proximity and security with an attachment figure, ex. Crying for a parent
300
What are the five characteristics of emerging adulthood?
1.the age of identity explorations;
2. the age of instability;
3.the self-focused age
4.the age of feeling in-between; and
5. the age of possibilities
400
A language that does not use past tense is likely to have a different perception of time, than someone who speaks english and uses different tenses. This is an example of what hypothesis?
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
400
What is the difference between projection & simulation?
simulation—using one’s own mental states as a model for others’ mental states
projection - A social perceiver’s assumption that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver wants, know, or feels
400
What brain regions make up the social brain?
The social brain is hypothesized to consist of the amygdala, the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), fusiform gyrus (FG), and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) region
400
What is said to be the best parenting style, and what are the main characteristics?
Authoritative - Authoritative parents are supportive and show interest in their kids’ activities but are not overbearing and allow them to make constructive mistakes.
400
What is the difference in emerging adulthood in individualistic and collectivist countries?
More prominent in individualistic cultures - but is evolving to more areas.
500
Emma and Sarah are chatting about their friend groups over coffee.
"Our group is always so supportive and caring," Emma says with a smile. "We genuinely look out for each other." But when talking about another friend group they don’t get along with, she scoffs, "They're just fake. Always pretending to be nice when they want something
Linguistic intergroup bias
500
Your textbook shows a triangular diagram with five levels of the processes that underlie theory of mind, can you draw the diagram?
500
Name 2 differences in the social brain for children with autism.
1.FG shows reduced activity when viewing faces,
2. Individuals with autism have reduced activity in the STS during biological motion perception
500
In the Strange Situation task, some children feel uneasy from the start and become very upset when their parent leave. How will this child behave upon their parents return, why do they respond this way and what attachment style is this?
When the parent returns, they struggle to calm down, want to punish their parents for leaving,
anxious-resistant attachment
500
When people age, their ability to ____ goes down, why is this?
engage in recall, working memory is less efficient and processing speed declines, inhibitory functioning aka ability to focus on some information and tune out others declines