PRENATAL PERIOD
How long does the prenatal period typically last?
40 weeks/ 9 months
Name some of the reflexes:
swallowing, grasping, sucking, startle reflex
The most important activity for toddlers is.....
play
What are some examples of fine motor skills?
eating, cutting with scissors, drawing, building with blocks,
What is the age range typically considered the school-age period?
It refers to children between the ages of 6 - 12 years.
What steps can expectant mothers take to reduce the risks of complications during pregnancy?
avoid harmful substances, prevent infections, maintain a healthy diet, stop smoking, manage stress
name some pre-speech stages:
crying, cooing, babbling, first words
......is a common developmental stage in toddlers, occurring around 8-18 months, during which they feel distressed when apart from their primary caregiver. This reflects their attachment and need for security.
Separation anxiety
Egocentrism means:
When a child believes that everyone sees and feels the same way they do. They have difficulty understanding that other people may have different thoughts, feelings, or perspectives.
What is the most important milestone of the school period?
Start of formal schooling.
What are the stages of prenatal development?
germinal, embryonic, fetal stages
When do infants typically develop the pincer grasp (using their thumb and forefinger)?
7-9 months
How do toddlers typically show their developing sense of independence?
By saying "no," wanting to do things on their own or or refusing help.
How does a child's language development progress during the preschool years?
Child's language development progresses rapidly, marked by several key milestones: vocabulary growth, improved sentence structure, pronunciation.
According to Piaget, what type of thinking develops in children during the school-age years?
Concrete Operational Thinking
What is the role of the placenta in prenatal development?
nutrition, waste removal, immune protection, gas exchange
At what age do infants typically begin to engage in simple social games, such as peek-a-boo?
around 6 months
What are the key cognitive milestones in toddlers' early development?
Recognizing familiar people, objects, solving simple problems, completing a basic puzzle.
What role does imaginative or pretend play have in a preschooler's cognitive and social development?
Imaginative or pretend play plays a vital role in preschoolers' development by fostering creativity, problem-solving, language skills, empathy, social cooperation, and an understanding of social roles and norms.
What role does peer interaction play in social development during the school-age period?
They learn important social skills such as cooperation, empathy, and conflict resolution. Friendships become more meaningful, and children begin to understand social norms and relationship. Positive peer interactions help children build self-confidence and learn to work as part of a team.
What milestones occur during each trimester?
First Trimester (Weeks 1–12):heart begins to beat, organs start to form.
Second Trimester (Weeks 13–26): Fetal movement, Hearing develops, and the fetus starts responding to sounds.
Third Trimester (Weeks 27–40): The lungs mature, The brain develops rapidly.
Explain habituation
Habituation is a basic form of learning in which baby is repeatedly exposed to the same stimulus, they gradually stop reacting to it, indicating that they have "gotten used to" the stimulus and no longer find it new.
Try to explain symbolic thinking.
By 2 years old, toddlers engage in pretend play, using objects symbolically (e.g., using a block as a phone). This indicates the early development of abstract thinking.
How do preschoolers begin to understand and manage their emotions?
They begin to understand and manage their emotions by recognizing and labeling feelings like happiness, anger, and sadness. They learn empathy, they gain the ability to express their emotions verbally, which helps reduce frustration and misunderstandings.
Explain the trial-and-error method.
This is a simple problem-solving technique that involves trying different solutions until the correct one is found. This method is often used by children and even adults when they don’t have an immediate solution or aren’t sure how to approach a problem.