Infant Reflexes
When a strong stimulus (such as a gust of air) causes a baby's eyes to close
What is the blink reflex?
Children in this stage are able to think abstractly. They understand rules that may be applied to a situation, even if they are unrealistic (ex: a feather breaks a glass; Dan hits a glass with a feather- what happens? The glass breaks)
What is the formal operational stage? (12+ years)
What are the three levels of Kohlberg's morality?
Level 1- Pre-conventional morality
Level 2- Conventional morality
Level 3- Post-conventional morality
This study examined the attachment in primates between a cloth and wire mother.
What is Harlow's Monkeys?
Happening over the first 2-3 years of life, the infant cries for their caregiver to help and support them. The degree of security in this relationship determines this.
What are attachment styles?
A baby's foot is stroked, their toes fan out.
What is the Babinski reflex?
At this stage, a child explores through movement and sensory experiences. They do not have object permanence, so playing peek-a-boo is a great idea!
What is the sensorimotor stage? (birth-2 years)
Tom gets his homework done because his parents said so, and he is scared of being grounded
What is an example of stage 1: Obedience and punishment
Often thought of as the "best" form of parenting, gives the child a lot of support while also regulating behavior
What is authoritative parenting?
The majority of adults in the United States. These children know to ask for help when they need it, but do not rely entirely on others.
What is a secure attachment style?
When a baby's cheek is touched, the baby will turn towards the stimulus and open their mouth.
What is the rooting reflex?
At this stage, children develop theory of mind. They are able to reason logically and understand conservation.
What is the concrete operational stage?
Heather wears clothes that everyone else at school is wearing because she wants to fit in
What is an example of stage 3: Interpersonal behavior?
This type of parenting might be associated with "corporal punishment". They do not support their child but regulate their child's behavior.
What is authoritarian parenting?
This is an encompassing term for other types of attachment. Often caused by parents not supporting their child's needs.
What is insecure attachment?
If a baby feels like they are falling, their arms will spread out and then grab on
What is the Moro reflex?
A child at this stage is developing their language skills. They cannot see things from another person's perspective. They also struggle with moving things in their mind and conservation.
What is the preoperational stage? (2-6 years)
Garret goes to a protest for equity because he wants to speak up for the rights of individuals who are not able to protest.
What is an example of stage 5: social contracts?
This type of parenting generally leaves the child alone. The child knows they cannot rely on their parents for support, but also their behavior is not regulated.
What is uninvolved parenting?
These children are very independent. They have learned to take care of themselves and not rely on others. They may not know when to ask for help.
What is an avoidant attachment style?
Placing an object in a baby's hand causes them to grab it tightly.
What is the Palmar reflex?
A child does not have a concept of someone seeing something different. They believe what they see or experience is the same for everyone. (For example, a child in the Midwest calling their family in the South and telling them to go play in the snow)
What is egocentrism?
Kelly keeps her head down and gets her work done (even though she doesn't want to) because she listens to her boss and "that's just how the world works"
What is an example of stage 4: Authority?
Also known as permissive parenting, the parents are sensitive to the child's emotions, but do not regulate their child's behavior. For example, giving a child an iPad to stop them crying for their iPad.
What is indulgent parenting?
A child's needs aren't always met. This may lead to clingy adults who are constantly craving validation.
What is an anxious-ambivalent attachment style?