Theory that competition and social inequality lead to deviance.
What is conflict theory?
100
One of the social functions of deviance, it is the term for how deviance serves to define the boundaries of acceptable behavior.
What is clarifying norms?
100
Behavior that violates significant social norms.
What is deviance?
100
Crimes involving either stealing someone's property or intentionally causing damage to it.
What are crimes against property?
100
Part of the criminal justice system that determines the guilt or innocence of the accused and assigns some punishment.
What is the courts?
200
Theory that views deviance as being learned through interaction with others engaged in deviant behavior.
What is cultural-transmission theory?
200
Mode of adaptation in which individuals accept both the cultural goals and and the culturally approved methods of achieving those goals.
What is conformity?
200
An act that is prohibited by law and is punishable by the government.
What is a crime?
200
Type of crime in which groups pursue crime as a big business.
What is organized crime?
200
The sanctions used to punish criminals.
What is corrections?
300
Theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means.
What is structural-strain theory?
300
Term for individuals who reject both the cultural goals and the socially acceptable means of attaining them.
What is retreatism?
300
Punishment such as criticism, fines and imprisonment used to encourage conformity.
What is negative sanctions?
300
A crime that supposedly harms no one but the person committing the act.
What is a victimless crime?
300
Term for the power the police have to determine who actually is arrested.
What is discretionary power?
400
Theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant.
What is labeling theory?
400
The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable, leaving individuals without sufficient guidelines for behavior.
What is anomie?
400
A powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity.
What is a stigma?
400
Crime committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their business/professional life.
What is a white collar crime?
400
Legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence.
What is plea bargaining?
500
Theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society. If those bonds are weak, deviance occurs.
What is control theory?
500
Concept that the proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus nondeviant individuals determines whether a person will be socialized into deviant or conforming patterns of behavior.
What is differential association?
500
Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority.