Interpreting Deviance
Define: "Ways societies try to influence members behavior to maintain social order"
Social Control, Stigma, Moral Entrepreneurs, Moral Panics, Labeling Theory
Social Control
This sociologist argued that deviance is normal and necessary for maintaing social cohension (Functionalist Theories of Deviance)?
Emile Durkheim
What is a person who has violated the penal code?
Criminal
What is the organization that tracks homicides in the US?
The FBI
In 1970 roughly how many people were incarcerated?
200,000
Define: “overheated, short-lived periods of intense social concern about an issue”
Social Control, Stigma, Moral Entrepreneurs, Moral Panics, Labeling Theory
Moral Panics
In Merton's strain theory, people who accept society's goals but rejects legitimate means to achieve them are called what? (Example: Gangs)
Adaptations: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion
Innovators
What are the 4 different types of crime?
Violent, property, street, white-collar
What program allows victims to say they have been the victim of a violent crime in the US?
The National Crime Victimization Survey
Roughly how many people have been incarcerated in recent times?
2.3 million
Define: "people who try to influence societies toward increased awareness of a concern over the violation of social norms"
Social Control, Stigma, Moral Entrepreneurs, Moral Panics, Labeling Theory
Moral Entrepreneurs
This theory argues that deviance is often defined by those in power to protect their own interest. (laws/norms serves interest of elites)
Conflict Theory
What is the city with the most homicides?
Chicago
What is the homicide rate measured in?
Number of homicides per 100,000 people
Studies in the 1990's showed that when US police force increase by what percentage per capita, violent crime in targeted areas decreased?
14%
Define: "theory that deviance is created through reactions to an act"
Social Control, Stigma, Moral Entrepreneurs, Moral Panics, Labeling Theory
Labeling Theory
Differential Association Theory states that deviance is primarily learned through interactions of what?
Intimate personal groups (close relationships).
Briefly summarize the Broken Windows Theory:
The broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, antisocial behavior and civil disorder (such as a broken widow) create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes.
List one reason why violence is so high in the US?
Easy access to firearms, culture of self reliance, inequality and mediocraty
What are some reasons for incarceration rates spiking in the U.S?
The War on Drugs, aggressive prosecution, and increased sentencing for crimes.
Define: "a phenomenon in which a person is discredited and/or rejected by society because of an attribute they have”
Social Control, Stigma, Moral Entrepreneurs, Moral Panics, Labeling Theory
Stigma
Name one way deviance can have a positive effect on society.
Promotes social change, challenges unfair norms, encourages creativity, etc.
What does CPTED stand for?
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Why is there little research on the relationship between firearm ownership and violent crime?
The government isn't allowed to fund research into the connection.
According to Sociologist Bruce Western, what percentage of Black men who dropped out from highschool born in the 1960's will go to prison in their lifetime?
60%