Pillars
Allah's final Prophet in the profession of faith
Muhammad
The sect of Islam that believes leaders should be descendants of Muhammad
Shi'a
The location of the Dome of the Rock. Also a city conquered by Muslim forces in the early 7th century
Jerusalem
The Germanic tribe to which Charlemagne belonged
Franks
The lowest class...Cowabunga!
Serfs
Giving a percentage of your income to those less fortunate
Alms
Islam faced a barrier against spreading due to this harsh geographic feature that dominates the Arabian Peninsula
A desert (or mountains)
Mathematical advancement where numbers are replaced with letters
Algebra
The Church
Hired arms for protection in return for land
Knights
Pray five times a day facing this city...
Mecca
A famed battle between Muslim forces and the Franks, stopping Islamic expansion
Battle of Tours
The language that helped unify and spread Islam. It was the language of learning during the Medieval period.
Arabic
The title which the Pope bestowed upon Charlemagne, it was a nice revival
'Holy Roman Emperor'
A land grant given out by a king or lord
Fief
Muslims fast during Ramadan, commemorating the first of these by Muhammad...
Revelation (vision/received the Qur'an)
The capital of the Abbasid (later) Caliphate, home to the house of Wisdom
Baghdad
A madrasa in Fez has a claim as one of the world's oldest these...1000 years older than the one in Miami
University
Places where Greco-Roman works were preserved in medieval Europe
Monasteries
One who is given a land grant by a king or higher ranking lord
Vassal
The black temple at the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca
The group that ended the Islamic Golden Age by conquering its capital in 1258
Mongols
Latin Alphabet is to ABC
As _________ Numerals are to 123
Arabic
The pope who crowned Charlemagne. Hint: It is one of the zodiac signs)
Pope Leo (III)
The highest person in any feudal system. They own all the land and recruit loyal lords
What is a King/Queen or Monarch