Igneous
What is an igneous rock?
A type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
What is sediment?
Small particles of rock, minerals, or organic material that are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice.
What is a metamorphic rock?
A type of rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids from its original form.
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by natural forces such as wind, water, and temperature changes.
Weathering
Name one type of igneous rock.
Granite, basalt, pumice, etc.
Name a common sedimentary rock.
Sandstone, limestone, shale, etc.
Name one type of metamorphic rock.
Schist, gneiss, marble, etc.
The process by which soil and rock are removed from one location and transported to another by natural forces.
Erosion
How are igneous rocks formed?
They form when magma cools and solidifies either beneath the Earth's surface or after it erupts onto the surface.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
They are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment over time.
How does heat and pressure change a rock?
Heat and pressure can alter the mineral structure and texture of the rock, leading to metamorphism.
How do rocks undergo metamorphism?
Through exposure to high heat and pressure, causing physical and chemical changes in the rock.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Answer: Intrusive rocks form beneath the surface, while extrusive rocks form on the surface.
What process turns sediment into rock?
Lithification, which involves compaction and cementation.
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
Foliation is the alignment of minerals within a rock, creating a layered or banded appearance.
What drives the rock cycle?
Earth's internal heat, weathering, erosion, and energy from the sun.
Describe the texture of a volcanic rock.
Volcanic rocks typically have a fine-grained or glassy texture due to rapid cooling.
Explain how fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
Fossils are formed when organisms are buried in sediment, which eventually hardens into rock, preserving the remains.
Describe the rock cycle in your own words.
The series of processes that describe how rocks change from one type to another over time through processes like melting, cooling, erosion, and compression.
Name 3 things that can weather rocks
Acid rain, rivers, freezing