B
What are the products of alcohol fermentation?
Alcohol fermentation converts sugar into ethanol, CO2, and ATP.
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation converts sugar into lactic acid and ATP.
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis/Meiosis, and Cytokinesis.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two distinct cells.
What is codominance?
Codominance occurs when both traits are expressed equally.
What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
The electron transport chain makes ATP using electrons and a proton gradient, producing 34 ATP.
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP).
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
The nucleus membrane breaks down, chromosomes are formed, and spindle fibers appear.
What is crossing-over and when does it occur?
Crossing-over is the process in which homologous chromosomes swap DNA, occurring during prophase 1 of meiosis.
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance occurs when the dominant trait is slightly affected by the presence of the recessive trait.
What does the Krebs cycle generate?
The Krebs cycle generates energy and produces 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and spindle fibers attach.
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid cells have the normal number of chromosomes (46), while haploid cells have half the number (23).
What are the levels of organization in ecology?
Organism -> Population -> Community -> Ecosystem -> Biome -> Biosphere.
What is glycolysis and what does it produce?
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into ATP and pyruvate, producing 2 ATP.
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
What is the outcome of anaphase in mitosis?
Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers, separating the chromatids.
What are the products of mitosis?
Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells.
What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle includes photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, fossil fuels, and combustion.
What is the role of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system pumps blood around the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to cells.
Where is the electron transport chain located?
The electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
What happens during telophase of mitosis?
The nucleus membrane rebuilds, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers break down.
What are the products of meiosis?
Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, denitrification, assimilation, and ammonification.