A&P
Vasoconstrictors
Non-Opioid
Opioid
Local Anesthetics
100

Depolarization is the result of:

Sodium ions entering the nerve 

100

Vasoconstriction are this type of agonists

What are adrenergic (sympthomimetics)?

100

NSAIDs and aspirin reduce inflammation (pain) by inhibiting the synthesis of:

What are prostaglandins?

100

This opioid receptor responsible for majority of drug therpeutic and adverse effects

What is mu?

100
Local anesthetics bind to sodium channels found on the ________ of nerves.
What is the axon?
200

The mechanism of action of local anesthetics on the nerve fiber?

What is blocking the influx of NA+ ions, thus stopping the action potential>

200

Name 2 of 4 reasons to use a vasoconstrictor agent in local anesthetics

What is prolong the duration; increase the depth; delay systemic absorption; reduce systemic toxic effect?

200

The most common adverse reaction to aspirin                                                                    NSAIDs

What is increase bleeding

            GI upset?

200

Opioid analgesics work in this nervous system

What is central nervous system?

200
Lidocaine is the safest local anesthetic used for pregnant women, what is the pregnancy category?
What is B?
300

The type of nerve fiber affected is

What is efferent?

300

The epinephrine cardiac dose 

What is 0.04 mg?

300

This group of analgesics is believed by many authors to be the most useful in treating dental pain

What are NSAIDs?

300

Name two contraindications or cautions with use of opioid agents. 

What is alcoholic, addict, head injury, respiratory disease, pregnancy, constipation, nausea?

300
In the presence of an acidic environment, such as infection or inflammation, the amount of free base is reduced; therefore more of the local anesthetic is in this form.
What is ionized?
400

Epinephrine works systemically in this nervous system

What is the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system?

(Review ch. 4)

400

Name 2 significant drug interactions with epinephrine

What are non-selective beta-blockers and tricyclic antidepressants?

400

Which non-opioid agent has analgesic and antipyretic therapeutic effects but no effect on inflammation.

What is acetaminophen? (Tylenol)

400

This is the main reason for death with opioid overdose

What is respiratory depression?

400
In cardiac patients the amount of anesthetic given is limited by this drug found within the cartridge.
What is the vasoconstrictor? (0.2mg) epinephrine
500

Epinephrine has these effects on the heart

                                                      lungs

                                                      liver

What is increase heart rate; bronchodilation, and gluconeogensis?

(Review ch. 4) 

500

A cardiovascular patient requires local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor, use provide 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Provide the maximum safe dose and # of cartiridges a cardiac patient can receive of 2% lido with 1:100,000 epi

What is 0.04 mg epinephrine and 2 total cartidges?

500

NSAIDs should be avoided with in patients with this disease or dysfunction

What is renal disease or decreased renal function?

500

This is the most commonly used opioid in dentistry

What is codeine?

500
The greatest concern with use of topical anesthetics is
What is toxicity?
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