Neurophysiology: Pain and Nerve Physiology
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors
Anatomical Considerations
Name that Nerve
100
Name the two types of nerve fibers.
What is the umyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers?
100
Lidocaine and Articaine are this type of anesthetic.
What is amide?
100
This vasoconstrictor is also known as Adrenalin.
What is epinephrine?
100
This is the largest of the 12 cranial nerves.
What is the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve?
100
These are the nerve blocks you need to administer to fully anesthetize the pulpal and surrounding soft tissue of tooth #18.
What is the L IA and L Long Buccal?
200
This is how long the depolarization phase of nerve conduction takes.
What is .3 milliseconds?
200
The period from deposition of anesthetic solution to complete conduction blockade.
What is induction time?
200
Any epinephrine that escapes reuptake by the adrenergic nerves is inactivated in the blood by these enzymes.
What is catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)?
200
This nerve is not present in 30-54% of individuals.
What is the MSA nerve?
200
Name nerve #6:
What is the nasopalatine nerve?
300
In this neuron the cell body is not important for impulse transmission, but does provide metabolic support for the entire neuron.
What is sensory or afferent neuron?
300
Ester local anesthetic drugs are metabolized in the plasma by this enzyme.
What is Pseudocholinesterase?
300
Name 3 vasoconstrictor overdose signs or symptoms.
What is:
Palpitation, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Increasing fear and anxiety, Restlessness, Throbbing headache
300
Name the largest branch of the Trigeminal nerve that is composed of a large sensory root and smaller motor root.
What is the mandibular division?
300
This nerve block anesthetizes the maxillary 3rd, 2nd, and up to the MB root of the 1st molar.
What is the PSA?
400
This theory discusses that local anesthetic bonds to receptors within the sodium ion channel to stop nerve conduction.
What is The Specific Receptor Theory?
400
When allergic reactions occur to ester drugs it's usually related to this major metabolic product.
What is PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid)?
400
This is the maximum amount of epinephrine that can be given to someone with significant cardiovascular disease.
What is .04 mg?
400
Name structure #13:
What is the mental foramen?
400
This nerve block anesthetizes the mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, and premolar areas.
What is the Mental/incisive block?
500
Immediately after a stimulus has initiated an action potential a nerve is unstable for a time period about the duration of the main part of the action potential.
What is the Absolute Refractory Period?
500
In the typical structure of local anesthetic the intermediate chain of -COOR- means that the anesthetic is this specific type of amine.
What is Amino ester?
500
This is added to a local anesthetic cartridge to delay the deterioration of epinephrine.
What is sodium bisulfite?
500
The mandibular division or V3 exits the skull at this anatomical structure.
What is the foramen ovale?
500
This nerve innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue for SENSATION.
What is the Trigeminal or cranial nerve 5?