Stages of Grief
Which stage of grief involves refusing to believe or accept the reality of a situation?
What is denial?
Which level includes food, water, oxygen, sleep, and elimination?
What are physiological needs?
After the birth of a sibling, a child begins wetting the bed again after years of not doing so. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is regression?
A person imagines becoming a dental hygienist and takes courses to work toward that goal. Which defense mechanism is demonstrated?
What is daydreaming?
Name two physiological changes that may occur as death approaches.
Any two: decreased blood pressure, weak and rapid pulse, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, loss of bowel or bladder control, cyanosis, cold and clammy skin, decreased body temperature, restlessness, disorientation, or decreased sensory perception.
A person expresses frustration and resentment about their terminal diagnosis. Which stage of grief are they experiencing?
What is anger?
A nursing assistant explains routines, answers questions, and provides a safe environment for a new resident. Which level of need is being met?
What are safety and security needs?
A man is angry with his boss but goes home and yells at his family instead. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is displacement?
WA worker avoids a coworker who constantly criticizes their work. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is withdrawal?
If a radial pulse cannot be felt, which pulse may need to be assessed using a stethoscope at the apex of the heart
What is the apical pulse?
A terminally ill patient says, “If I can live long enough to see my grandchild, I will die without regret.” Which stage is this?
What is bargaining?
A healthcare provider arranges family visits for a lonely patient. Which level of need is being addressed?
What are love and belonging, or social needs?
A student says, “The teacher failed me because she doesn't like me.” Which defense mechanism is this?
What is projection?
A woman knows she has a breast lump but avoids thinking about it and works overtime rather than seeing her doctor. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is suppression?
Name three nonverbal signs that may indicate pain in a patient who cannot speak.
Any three: facial grimacing, restlessness, moaning, guarding behavior, initially increased vital signs, or changes in body language.
A person experiences sadness, grief, and hopelessness while facing the end of life. Which stage is this?
What is depression?
A caregiver focuses on a patient's strengths, abilities, independence, and accomplishments. Which level of need is being met?
What are esteem needs
A patient is afraid of having laboratory tests but says, “I can't take time off from my job.” Which defense mechanism is this?
What is rationalization?
A person receives a terminal diagnosis but focuses on the technical details of medical procedures instead of expressing grief. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is intellectualization?
When assessing a patient with dark skin for cyanosis, name two areas where bluish discoloration may be easier to assess.
Any two: mucous membranes (gums or inside the lips), palms, nail beds, or soles of the feet.
A grandmother begins meeting with family members and reaches a sense of peace about her situation. Which stage is this, and what should you remember about the order of the stages?
What is acceptance? The stages are not always linear; people may experience them in different orders or revisit stages.
Which is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy, involving personal growth and realizing one's full potential?
What is self-actualization?
A person is terrified of heights but cannot explain why because the thought or feeling is blocked from conscious awareness. Which defense mechanism is this?
What is repression?
Name the defense mechanism for each situation: (1) acting unusually kind toward someone you feel angry with; (2) experiencing nausea before a speech without a physical cause; (3) downplaying the significance of missed school; (4) choosing a related career to compensate for a perceived limitation; and (5) refusing to accept a terminal diagnosis.
What are reaction formation, conversion, minimization, compensation, and denial?
Name two direct methods of coping with a difficult situation, and explain what indirect methods include.
Direct methods include hard work, realistic goals, evaluating the situation, and cooperating with others. Indirect methods include defense mechanisms