Type I
In type I diabetes these cells are destroyed or suppressed.
What are beta cells?
Makes it more difficult for insulin to enter a cell.
What is insulin resistance?
Formerly known as Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
What is type I diabetes?
Native-Americans, African-Americans, Asians, Pacific-Islanders, American-Eskimos, Hispanics, and anyone overweight
What are high-risk groups?
Three classic signs of both types of diabetes mellitus.
What are polyuria, polydipsea, and polyphagia?
muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat
What are rapidly developing symptoms of type I diabetes?
Weight reduction
What is the goal of the obese type II diabetic?
DKA causes this type of blood condition
What is metabolic acidosis
dialysis and kidney transplant
What are treatments for long-term complications?
Young SE Asian woman example
Insulin, meal planning, and exercise
What are treatments for type I DM?
These immune markers precede evidence of beta cell deficiency.
What are Islet cell antibodies?
increases insulin sensitivity, improves glucose tolerance, and promotes weight loss
What is exercise?
Cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, eye disease, nephropathy, skin disease, neuropathy
What are chronic complications of diabetes?
Water loss exceeding glucose and electrolyte loss causes this.
What is hyperosmolarity?
An ophthalmologist may find this
What is diabetic retinopathy?
When the ophthalmologist looks into your eye with what seems like a microscope.
Young man I worked with
Subdivisions of type I diabetes.
What are idiopathic and immune-mediated types?
This respiratory condition is common in people with type 2 DM.
What is sleep apnea?
Obstructive sleep apnea is common in people living with type 2 diabetes. Obesity may be the main contributing factor to both conditions. It's not clear whether treating sleep apnea improves blood sugar control.
Occurs most often in type I diabetics, less than 65 years old, may be the first evidence of the disease, hyperglycemic crisis
What is DKA?
16 year old patient
Patient presented with a COPD exascerbation
Occurs more often in people with type II diabetes, older than 65, hyperglycemic crisis
What is HHNS?
occurs because of increased acetone production
What is the fruity breath odor?
Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine creating acidosis leading to more tissue breakdown, more ketosis, more acidosis, and eventually shock, coma, and death.
What is a serious complication of DKA?
Because of this, the pancreas secretes higher amounts of insulin.
What is decreased sensitivity to insulin?
These two nutrients are in excess in DM and cause impaired wound healing.
What are triglycerides and glucose?
Two acute complications of hyperglycemic crisis that may occur with diabetes mellitus.
What are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?
monitor the long term effectiveness of diabetes treatment
What is glycosylated hemoglobin? Goal 6.4%