Type 1
Type 2
Diabetes care
Diabetes Complications
DKA
100

What are common presenting symptoms for a Type 1 diabetic? 

3 P's - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

100

The difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is that Type 2 diabetics 

Still produce insulin but have reduced insulin sensitivity or decreased insulin production

100

Name two medications/conditions/therapies that may require additional insulin to be administered

Steroids, Dilantin, TPN, stressful even 

100

What labs would indicate nephropathy? 

Elevated creatinine, albuminurea, elevated BUN

100

These types of fluids are utilized to rehydrate a patient with DKA. Name 1 type of IVF. 

What is hypotonic fluids (drive fluid into cell.) 0.45%NS

200

5 symptoms of a patient with hypoglycemia 

Agitation, "hangry", tachycardia, diaphoretic, headache, shakiness, fatigue

200

You are caring for a Type 2 diabetic patient who states they feel lightheaded. They last ate 3 hours ago. What intervention is most appropriate? 

Check blood glucose via fingerstick, patient could be hypoglycemic. 

200

Normal fasting glucose level, three month indicator of glucose control, and targeted glucose range

<100, HgbA1C (<6.5%) and 80-100

200

3 education points for the patient with neuropathy 

Inspect feet daily, wear comfortable, flat, closed toed shoes; no lotion between toes, cut nail straight across

200

Name 3 symptoms of a patient with DKA

Confusion, Disorientation, Thirst, weight loss, tachycardia, hypotension

300

Explain pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune illness, body attacks beta cells within pancreas resulting in altered function of the pancreas, unable to produce insulin

300

A type 2 diabetic patient is preparing for surgery. What education will be needed? 

Do not take insulin/oral diabetic agents the day of surgery. Maintain NPO status. 

300

Why are mixed drinks not encouraged for a diabetic patient? 

These drinks contain large amounts of glucose, elevating the patients glucose with subsequent drops in BG. It is preferred to drink a lighter drink, with food. 

300

What is the best way to prevent diabetes associated complications? 

Meticulous blood glucose control 

300

What ABG findings would a patient with DKA have? 

Metabolic acidosis, low pH 7.2, HCO3 <16, generally low CO2 follows as the respiratory system tries to buffer acidosis in the body

400

The Type 1 client is at home ill with a viral infection. What 3 pieces of nursing education might the clinic nurse provide? 

Check glucose every 3-4 hours, consume fluids without added sugar, administer ordered insulin, avoid strenuous exercise, monitor for S/S of DKA

400

Patient's blood glucose level is 68 and they feel lightheaded. What intervention would you provide? 

Give juice (orange or apple) and recheck glucose in 15 minutes. If not elevated in 15 minutes, repeat juice and recheck in 15 minutes. Once elevated, give complex carb (milk/graham cracker) and evaluate cause of hypoglycemia. 

400

A Type 2 patient comes to the clinic with an A1C reading of 8.4. What lifestyle modification/education is needed? Name 4 items. 

Aerobic exercise 150 min/week, goal for blood glucose 80-100, low glycemic foods, eat consistent foods, check blood glucose as recommended by MD. 

400

How might a patient describe neuropathy? What medications would help treat this condition? 

Tingling, burning, shooting pain. Gabapentin (Neurontin), Lyrica (Pregabalin)

400

What is a priority intervention for a patient with DKA? 

Safety, glucose management, hydration with IV fluids, hourly blood glucose checks

500

A diabetic patient has the following presentation: Unresponsive to voice or touch, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. What is the priority action? 

Check blood glucose level. Administer 50% dextrose IV per protocol. 

500

When might a patient need to check their glucose levels - name for incidences. 

Prior to administration of insulin, prior to meals, if they feel "low" - hypoglycemic, if they feel "high" - hyperglycemic, before exercising, before bed

500

Patient teaching for the Type 1 diabetic to prevent DKA from happening? 

Check blood glucose every 3-4 hours when ill, do not skip insulin doses when ill, check urine ketones every 3-4 hours, monitor for the 3 P's. Follow MD sick day plan. 

500

Name 4 types of complications resulting from uncontrolled diabetes. 

Angiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, would healing complications

500

What may be a precipitating cause of DKA?

Missing insulin doses, stress, illness

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