Diabetes 1
Chronic conditions caused by diabetes
what is atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, decreased healing
what leads to non-healing ulcers?
what class of drugs are given to help preserve the kidneys
what is sliding scale insulin dosing?
what is adjusting doses of insulin based current blood sugar prior to meals and dinner.
what insulin is typically used short or rapid acting.
Can it be combined with other insulin's such as Intermediate and/or long?
Clients with Type 1 diabetes are at risk of developing what pH altering disorder
what is DKA,
How is DKA diagnostically found; Keytones present in the urine (ketonuria).
Type I vs Type II DM treatment?
what is insulin for Type I and Type II oral (may or may not require insulin doing)
What teaching is provided to patients with metabolic syndrome? Minimum of three points.
Rest 8 hours per day
Exercise three days per week
Maintain medication regime
Low fat cholesterol diet
Low salt diet
DKA/Ketosis signs and symptoms
what is decreased skin tutor, dehydration, keynotes in the urine, hyperglycemia, kussmal's breathing, acetone breath (fruity breath)
how does DKA increase the risk of thrombus formation?
first line treatment for DKA
why is kussmal's important to control?
what fasting blood glucose level is considered diabetes
what is 126
Client complains of blood glucose level is elevated in the morning after sustaining a hypoglycemia during the night.
what is Somogyi Effect
When prepping to exercise the client is taught to bring what with them?
what is a 15gm snack to be eaten prior or after exercising
What is a incorrect way to prepare for a fingerstick?
Massage the finger
how does insulin work?
what is pushes blood into cell to used as energy, promotes storage of sugar into the liver (glycogen) and stores glucose in adipose tissue.
best time to encourage diabetic clients to exercise?
3 nutritional groups that diabetics must regulate
what is fat, protein and carbs
How to treat Hypoglycemia, conscious and unconscious client
what is oral food (OJ and Graham crackers) if conscious, if unconscious IV Dextrose 50% or IM Glucagon
Which IM injectable medication is given in an hypoglycemic emergency?
Glucagon
if your diabetic client has a change in condition (sudden or progressive) what is the first assessment
what is check a finger stick
Hemoglobin A1C (Glycisylated hemoglobin) characteristics
What is reflects sugar levels attached to RBC over 90-120 days, help manage DM and risks of complications, anything over 6.5/7% indicated diabetes.
List a minimum of two patient teaching points to maintain a healthy glycemic index.
•Combining starchy foods with protein and fat slows absorption and glycemic response
•Raw or whole foods tend to have lower responses than cooked, chopped, or pureed foods
•Eat whole fruits rather than juices; this decreases glycemic response because of fiber (slowing absorption)
•Adding food with sugars may produce lower response if eaten with foods that are more slowly absorbed
which electrolyte are you monitoring when providing large amounts of insulin
what is potassium
Onset of Rapid and short acting insulin
what is rapid is 15 mins and short is 30 mins
signs and symptoms of HHS
what are dehydration, 3 P's, increased serum osmlartity, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, hypotension, tachycardia
anxiety and nervous, fidgety are early signs of what?
what is hypoglycemia
What is the difference between the Dawn and Somogyi effect.
what is the client would experience hypoglycemia followed by a period of hyperglycemia is Somogyi and regular blood glucose with hyperglycemia in the morning with Dawn phenomenon.
what class of drugs effect the glucose levels and must be monitored more closely
what are steroids
What are the risk factors for diabetes? List a minimum of five.
•Family history
•Obesity
•Race / Ethnicity
•Metabolic Syndrome
•Age >/= 45 yo
•Hypertension
•Elevated triglycerides / cholesterol
Hx of gestational diabetes w/ an over-weight baby