Symptoms
What are the three main symptoms of diabetes mellitus
polyuria polydipsia polyphagia
What is the level of a FBS that might indicate diabetes
FBS at 126 mg or higher
What is the name of the fast acting insulin
lispro
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia
• He: Headache
• ’S: Sweating
• T: Tachycardia
• I: Irritability
• R: Restlessness
• E: Excessive Hunger
• D: Dizziness
• Mnemonic
• HE’S TIRED
What is type 2 diabetes
diabetes that has an onset later in life and does not necessarily require insulin administration
Name at least three symptoms of hyperglycemia
• Increased urine output
• Thirst
• Weight loss
• Dry mucous membranes
• Low blood pressure
• Increased heart rate
• Changes in cognition
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fruity breath
• Fast shallow respirations
What is the name of the blood test that measures blood sugar over the previous 3 months
A1C
30 min,2-4 hr, 5-12 hr
How often should a diabetic inspect their feet
daily
What is the first line of controlling diabetes mellitus type 2
First-line treatment
• Nutritional changes
• Exercise
• Weight loss
• Strategies to improve glycemic control
• Medication
• Oral medications
• Insulin
What does polyphagia mean
excessive hunger
What is the normal range for A1c
4-6 %
What is the onset peak and duration for NPH insulin
1-4 hr, 4-12 hr, 10-24 hr
How should a diabetic inspect their feet if they can not bend over to see them
use a mirror
Name at least two adverse effects of Metformin
indigestion
• Bloating
• Abdominal pain
• Constipation
• Headache
• Metallic taste
What does polydipsia mean
excessive thirst
What is the normal FBS range
70-100 depending upon the lab
What is the onset, peak and duration for lispro insulin
15min, 30-90 min, 5 hr
What should a diabetic do on a sick day
stay hydrated, continue to monitor blood sugar every four hours hold off on hypertension medications, eat check ketones in urine
Name at least two risk factors for DM type 2
Age
• Genetics
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Smoking
• Hypertension
Is weight change a symptom of DM
yes
Your patient has a blood sugar of 50 what would you do
Give 15-20 grams of carbohydrate Glucagon tablets or injection and re check blood sugar
What is the peak onset and duration for insulin glargine
2-4 hr, none and 24 hrs
Name at least three complications of diabetes
Stroke
• Heart attack
• Peripheral artery disease
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Cataracts
• Glaucoma
• Diabetic foot
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Peripheral neuropathy
What is the difference between DM type 1 and type 2
Type 1 Diabetes
• Pancreas does not produce insulin.
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Pancreas may produce some insulin
but not sufficient to maintain blood
glucose levels.
• The cell receptors become insulin
resistant.