Diabetes Basics
What hormone is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels?
Insulin
What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose range?
70−100 mg/dL
What is a long-term complication of uncontrolled diabetes that affects the kidneys?
Diabetic nephropathy
What is the blood glucose level that defines hypoglycemia?
Below 70 mg/dL)
What organ in the body is responsible for producing insulin?
The pancreas
What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder where no insulin is produced, while Type 2 is insulin resistance.
What blood glucose level is considered diabetic after fasting
126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests.
Why do diabetics sometimes not feel foot injuries?
Nerve damage from high blood sugar (diabetic neuropathy)
What is the 15-15 Rule?
Treat low blood sugar with 15g of fast-acting carbs, check after 15 minutes, and repeat if needed.)
What is the medical term for high blood sugar?
Hyperglycemia
Name one common risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes.
Being overweight, family history, physical inactivity,
If a patient eats 60g of carbohydrates and their insulin-to-carb ratio is 1:12, how many units of insulin do they need?
5 units
What type of eye damage can diabetes cause?
Diabetic retinopathy
Which of these foods is best for quickly treating hypoglycemia: cheese, grilled chicken, nuts, or orange juice?
orange Juice
What is the purpose of the correction factor (CF)?
to fix blood glucose or help return BG to normal before eating.
Name two lifestyle changes that can help prevent Type 2 diabetes.
Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management,
A patient has a blood sugar level of 150 mg/dL, a target of 125 mg/dL, and a correction factor of 25. How much correction insulin should they take?
1 unit
Name two common risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.
Obesity, family history, inactivity, poor diet, high blood pressure, etc.
Name three symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion, weakness,
What is one common sign of undiagnosed diabetes?
Frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, or extreme fatigue.
What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?
It raises blood sugar by telling the liver to release glucose.
Calculate the total insulin dose for a meal with 60g of carbohydrates and a blood sugar level of 150 mg/dL, using an insulin-to-carb ratio of 1:12 and a correction factor of 25.
6 units (5 for carbs + 1 for correction)
Why does poor circulation increase the risk of infections and amputations in diabetics?
It reduces the body's ability to heal wounds.
Why are high-protein and high-fat foods not recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemia?
They do not raise blood sugar quickly enough
Why should people with diabetes check their feet regularly?
To detect cuts, sores, or infections early due to the risk of nerve damage and poor circulation.