Diabetes 1
Cool, clammy skin, shakiness, and headache are signs of what?
Hypoglycemia
Cause of DM II
Insulin resistance
Warm, dry skin and acetone breath are signs of what?
Hyperglycemia
The two types of diabetes
DM I, DM II
Cause of DM I
Damage to or destruction of beta cells of the pancreas leads to absence of insulin production
What not to do to the finger when obtaining a glucose sample
Milk the finger
Client is taking Metformin for diabetes mellitus II and is having a CT scan with contrast. What intervention needs to be implemented?
What is stopping Metformin 24 hours prior to and 48 hours after CT scan with contrast?
if your diabetic client has a change in condition (sudden or progressive) what should you do first
Finger stick
How insulin is measured
Units
Lab value that monitors BS over time
Hg A1c
Abdominal obesity + elevated triglycerides + low HDL + HTN + elevated BS
When blood sugars are normally ordered in the hospital
AC and HS
Two examples of carbs you can give a diabetic client in the hospital if meals are unavailable presently after administering scheduled insulin
Peanut butter on crackers or graham crackers
How long to wait to recheck a BS after an intervention for hypoglycemia
15 minutes
The type of carbs diabetics should eat most
Complex
Considerations when administering insulin (at least three)
Subcutaneous, rotate injection sites, assessing for bruising, smallest syringe available, give in arm if possible since patient cannot do that at home
An order that tells you how much insulin to give based upon the patient's blood glucose reading
Sliding scale
Morning hyperglycemia in response to overnight hypoglycemia
Somogyi Effect or Phenomenon
Oftentimes the first indicators that a client is diabetic (hint: 3 P's)
Polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination, and polyphagia (excessive hunger)
Two types of insulin
Rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, long acting
The two macrovascular complications of diabetes
cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease
The three microvascular complications of diabetes
Kidney, nerve, and vision problems
Which electrolyte should you monitor when providing large amounts of insulin
Potassium
Class of drugs that almost always effect the glucose levels so they need close monitoring
Steroids
Two special considerations for diabetics when exercising
Adjusting insulin and bringing snacks