Type 1Vs2
What is the difference between type 1 & type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is completely insulin dependent & the pancreas produces NO insulin. Type 2 the pancreas doesn’t produce ENOUGH
What is hyperglycemia?
High blood sugar (>200)
What is hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar (<70)
How often should a diabetic see a podiatrist?
At least once a year! *NEVER go barefoot & do foot checks multiple times a day*
What is DKA & what causes it?
Diabetic ketoacidosis. It is caused by untreated high blood sugar. Most common in type 1.
What type of diabetes can take oral medications to help regulate blood sugars?
Type 2
What are symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Increased thirst, urination, fatigue & blurred vision.
What are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Shaking, sweating, dizziness, tachy, confusion & LOC
Why do diabetics need to get their eyes checked more than no diabetics?
They have an increased risk of retinopathy. (Damage to the blood vessels in your retina)
How do you treat DKA?
Fluid & electrolytes, insulin (can be an insulin drip)
Can lead to coma/death if not treated in time
What type of diabetes is usually diagnosed before the age of 30? (Also known as juvenile diabetes)
Type 1 (think kids are 1st)
When treating hyperglycemia what is important to remember?
Increase fluids! This prevents dehydration & possible kidney issues!
How do you treat hypoglycemia?
4oz of juice, high sugar foods, & glucagon if patient is unresponsive
What are signs of nephropathy?
Foamy urine/increased urination, N/V, skin issues/rash, edema
What is HHNS?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome. Similar to DKA but doesn’t cause keto acidosis. Most common in type 2.
Type 2
Other than poor diet & not following your medication regime, what can cause hyperglycemia?
Infection & steroids
Why is hypoglycemia more dangerous than hyperglycemia?
The patient can have seizures and die if not treated quickly and correctly.
What is the sick day rule?
BS checks every 2-4 hours, increase fluid intake, test for ketones in your urine if BS is high, eat when able too.
How do you treat HHNS?
Increased fluids/electrolytes (more than DKA pts)
Insulin
How can you diagnose both types of diabetes?
Fasting blood sugar, A1C, glucose tolerance check & for type 2 a random blood sugar test as well.
What are some patient teachings for hyperglycemia?
Diet, carb counting, BS checks, exercise.
Find cause of low blood sugars, diet, warning signs of low blood sugar, BS checks
What is a normal A1C for diabetics?
Less than 7%
What blood/urine tests are used to diagnose nephropathy? (Kidney disease)
Creatinine (if high=poor function of the kidneys)
GFR ( if low= poor function)
Microalbumin (if high = kidney damage)