Diabetes Basics
This long-term health condition happens when the body cannot control blood sugar (glucose) properly.
Diabetes
This is what food breaks down into after we eat, before entering the bloodstream.
sugar (glucose)
In this type of diabetes, the body does not make insulin at all or makes very little.
Type 1 diabetes
Having a family member with diabetes is this kind of risk factor.
unchangeable risk factor (family history/genetics)
People with diabetes often check these levels regularly to keep them in a healthy range.
blood sugar (blood glucose) levels
This substance is the main energy source for our body’s cells.
glucose
This is where glucose goes first after being absorbed from the digestive system.
bloodstream
In this type of diabetes, the body makes insulin but does not use it well.
Type 2 diabetes
Drinking lots of sugary drinks and not moving much are examples of this type of risk factor.
changeable (lifestyle) risk factors
This daily habit, along with balanced meals, helps the body use insulin better and control blood sugar.
What is regular physical activity (exercise)
This hormone acts like a “helper” that moves glucose from the blood into the body’s cells.
Insulin
This hormone is released by the pancreas to help glucose move into cells.
insulin
In Type 1 diabetes, this body system mistakenly attacks insulin‑making cells.
the immune system
Extreme thirst, extreme hunger, and frequent urination are all examples of these.
common symptoms of diabetes
These devices or medicines, such as pumps, pens, or shots, provide insulin to the body.
insulin treatments (insulin pumps, pens, or injections)
This organ releases insulin into the bloodstream after we eat.
pancreas
In the key analogy, insulin plays this role so sugar can enter the cell.
key that unlocks the cell door
This type of diabetes often starts in children and teens and usually appears quickly over days to weeks.
Type 1 diabetes
Slow‑healing cuts happen because high blood sugar harms these, which are needed for good circulation and repair.
blood vessels
When a friend with diabetes says they need a snack or break, this is the calm and respectful thing to do.
stay calm and let them take care of themselves (or ask if they need help)
This is what happens over time when sugar stays in the blood instead of entering cells, affecting organs, nerves, and eyes.
long-term damage to body systems (organ, nerve, and eye damage)
This is what happens to blood sugar levels when the “key system” for insulin does not work properly.
sugar builds up in the blood (high blood sugar)
This type of diabetes is often linked to genetics, extra weight, and low physical activity, and symptoms may appear slowly over months to years.
Type 2 diabetes
Over many years, uncontrolled diabetes can cause serious problems with the heart, kidneys, nerves, and this sense.
Vision (eyesight)
Not teasing about food, shots, or devices, and encouraging self‑care during school activities are examples of this type of support.
emotional and social support for friends or family with diabetes