Diabetes Basics
The hormone involved with diabetes?
What is Insulin
What is the priority for low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in a conscious patient?
Answer: What is give 15g carbs
Rationale: A conscious patient with hypoglycemia should receive fast-acting carbohydrate, then glucose should be rechecked in 15 minutes. (15/15 rule)
This can, if done regularly, lower blood sugar as well as the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Answer: What is exercise
Rationale:
This puts you at added risk of Type 2 Diabetes and raises risk for complications from diabetes.
Answer: What is obesity
This type of diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells?
Answer: What is Type 1 Diabetes
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes occurs when beta cells are destroyed, causing little to no insulin production. These patients require insulin.
Drowsiness, frequent urination, extreme thirst are signs/symptoms of?
Answer: What is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
Rationale: High blood sugar causes water to be drawn into the urine, causing dehydration along with symptoms of frequent urination and feeling thirsty.
This diabetes complication affects the kidneys?
A. Neuropathy
B. Retinopathy
C. Nephropathy
D. Angiopathy
Answer: What is (A.) Nephropathy
Rationale: Nephropathy is kidney damage caused by chronic hyperglycemia damaging small renal blood vessels.
These are common heart problems people with diabetes are at risk to develop.
Answer: What are STROKE or HEART ATTACK?
This type of diabetes is caused by your body not producing enough insulin or by not responding to insulin the way it should (insulin resistance).
Answer: What is Type 2 diabetes
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes begins mainly with insulin resistance. Over time, insulin production may also decrease.
People with Diabetes should measure this when they are ill or when their blood sugar is over 240
What is ketones or a ketone test?
Loss of sensation in feet is due to:
A. Retinopathy
B. Neuropathy
C. Nephropathy
D. Hypertension
Answer: (B) Neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy damages nerves, causing numbness, tingling, burning pain, and loss of protective sensation.
This increases risk of Type 1 Diabetes.
Answer: What is family history (genetics)
Diabetes control involves balancing what 3 things
Answer: What are DIET, EXERCISE, MEDICATION
Blurry vision, shakiness, dizziness, and sweatiness are signs/symptoms of this.
Answer: What is low blood sugar
Rationale: Our brain relies heavily on glucose for energy. Low glucose levels signals the adrenal glands to release adrenaline (epinephrine). Causing these symptoms.
What is most important for foot care?
Answer: Inspect daily
Rationale: Daily inspection helps catch wounds early. Neuropathy can prevent the patient from feeling injuries, so visual checks are essential.
In addition to high blood sugar, blood fats and blood pressure, this behavior greatly increases your risk for damage to blood vessels
Answer: What is smoking??
What does A1C reflect?
Answer: What is blood sugar over 2-3 months
Rationale: A1C reflects the average amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin over the lifespan of red blood cells, about 2-3 months.
Which symptoms is most concerning for hypoglycemia?
A. Hunger
B. Confusion
C. Sweating
D. Mild tremor
Answer: What is (B) Confusion
Rationale: Confusion shows the brain is not getting enough glucose. This can progress to seizures, loss of consciousness, and airway risk.
This is done yearly to detect vision problems while they are still easy to treat
Answer: What is diabetes eye exam (or yearly eye exam)
TRUE or FALSE
The older you are, the higher your risk for prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
Answer: True
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes generally occurs in middle-aged adults, most frequently after age 45.