Hypo
What does hypoglycemia mean?
Low blood glucose
What does hyperglycemia mean?
high blood glucose
What does DKA stand for?
diabetic ketoacidosis
What organ produces insulin?
pancreas
Sweaty + shaky: hypo or hyper?
HYPO
What glucose level is considered hypoglycemia?
<70 mg/dL
Name 2 classic signs of hyperglycemia.
increased thirst ,frequent urination
Can dangerously LOW or HIGH BG cause unconsciousness?
yes, both dangerously high and dangerously low glucose can lead to unconsciousness
What does insulin help glucose do?
helps glucose move from the blood into cells for energy
Very thirsty + frequent urination: hypo or hyper?
HYPER
Name 2 signs of hypoglycemia.
Sweating, shaking, hunger, weakness, confusion....
Does hyperglycemia usually develop rapidly or gradually?
usually more gradual
Name 3 warning signs of DKA.
nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, deep/rapid breathing, fruity breath, altered mental status
Main difference between Type 1 and Type 2?
Type 1 = little/no insulin production, Type 2 = insulin resistance
Took insulin + skipped breakfast + exercised. Hypo or hyper?
HYPO
Someone takes insulin, skips breakfast, then exercises. Hypo or hyper?
HYPO
Name 2 possible causes of hyperglycemia.
too little insulin, insulin resistance, illness/stress, more carbohydrate than usual
Person is unconscious and cannot swallow. What should you NOT do?
do NOT give anything by mouth because of aspiration/choking risk
Normal blood glucose level in body?
70-189 mg/dL
BG = 62 mg/dL, conscious and can swallow. What do you do?
give fast-acting glucose and reassess
Why can severe hypoglycemia cause confusion or unconsciousness?
The brain isn't getting enough glucose.
What glucose level is considered hyperglycemia?
>180 mg/dL
Explain how severe insulin deficiency can lead to DKA.
insulin deficiency → body can't use glucose normally → fat breakdown → ketones accumulate → blood becomes acidic
Diabetes mellitus vs. diabetes insipidus: what does each involve?
diabetes mellitus involves glucose/insulin, while diabetes insipidus involves ADH/water balance.
Athlete is confused. Does that automatically tell you hypo vs. hyper?
No, confusion can happen with both, so you can't determine hypo vs. hyper from confusion alone.