Pathophysiology
The organ that secretes insulin.
What is the pancreas?
The patient has new onset blurred vision, excessive thirst, and exhaustion. A complication of diabetes mellitus the patient may be experiencing is...
What is hyperglycemia?
The method of diagnosis diabetes mellitus when blood sugar is taken the next morning after fasting all night.
What is a fasting blood sugar test?
Expected fasting blood surgar is 100 mg/dL. Pre-diabetes 100 - 125 mg/dL and diabetes mellitus is 126 mg/dL on two separate occasions.
Your patient is at home and reports their blood sugar is 69 mg/dL. The recommended treatment is...
What is drink fruit juice?
What is subcutaneous?
The name of the cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon.
What is the islets of Langerhans?
What is hypertension and dyslipidemia?
The lab test that can review your average blood sugar over the past 3 months.
What is hemoglobin A1C?
The patient has the common cold and doesn't want to eat or drink anything. They ask you, the nurse, if they should still take their insulin.
What is take insulin and regular medication for diabetes as ordered, even on sick days?
Drinking alcohol with glipizide, an oral hypoglycemic, can result in which complication of diabetes mellitus?
What is hypoglycemia?
The liver choses to metabolize alcohol before glucose, so the glucose does not enter the blood stream as quickly and does not increase blood glucose levels.
In diabetes mellitus type I, an autoimmune reaction causes the destruction of this cell by a T-cell-mediated response.
What is destruction of pancreatic b-cells?
The patient reports multiple infections. The nurse knowns this (is / is not) common with diabetes mellitus.
What is common with diabetes mellitus?
Name a modifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus type 2.
What is elevated BMI/obesity or sedentary lifestyle?
When a patient has the common cold, at home they should (increase, decrease, or do not change) the amount they check their blood sugar.
What is increase the amount of times blood sugar is taken during sick days?
Over the counter decongestants for the common cold can (increase, decrease, or do not affect) blood sugar levels.
What is increase blood sugar levels?
Medications like pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and oxymetazoline (Afrin) can increase blood sugar levels.
90-95% of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have this type.
What is diabetes mellitus type 2?
What is hypoglycemia?
The patient has a blood sugar over 600 mg/dK with fruity, acetone-smelling breath, and high ketones in the urine. The name of this complication common with diabetes is...
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
A common complication of diabetes is neuropathy. A patient should wear ____ type of shoes and avoid _____ type of shoes.
What is wear properly fitting shoes and avoid high-heeled shoes, pointed toes, and barefoot or only wearing socks?
Lispro (Humalog) is typically given before ____ and glargine (Langus) is typically given before _____
What is lispro (humalog) is typically given before meals while glargine (Lantus) is typically given at bedtime.
The two main causes of diabetes mellitus type II: b-cell dysfunction and _____.
What is insulin resistance?
Initially, decreased insulin sensitivity causes the b-cells to produce more insulin to compensate. In later stages, b-cell function decreases and the mixture of both abnormalities leads to DM2.
Three most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
What is polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia?
The name of the diagnostic test where the patient is asked to fast overnight, then drink a sugary drink, and retest the blood sugar.
What is a glucose tolerance test?
Results: Expected - <140 mg/dL, prediabetes - 140-199 mg/dL, diabetes - >200 mg/dL
ACHS for blood sugar monitoring means...
Check blood sugar 15-30 minutes before meals and before bed?
The risk of hypoglycemia is highest with short acting or long acting insulin.
What is short-acting insulin such as lispro (Humalog)?