All you Need to Know About Insulin
Nurses follow the "clear to cloudy rule" when they
What is draw regular or rapid acting insulin (clear) before NPH insulin (cloudy) into the syringe. This prevents contamination of the fast-acting insulin with the slower-acting NPH, ensuring each type maintains its unique properties.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is caused by __________ and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is caused by _________
and_________,
Type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the body doesn't produce insulin, while Type 2 is caused by Insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
The classic signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus include _______, _________, _________
What are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia.
DKA typically occurs in this type of DM
What is Type 1 DM
For most people with DM the HbA1c goal is
What is 7% or less?
This type of insulin begins working within 15 - 30 mins and peaks in 1-2 hours.
What is Rapid acting insulin? (Lispro, Aspart)
The onset of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 begins
________ and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus begins
What is childhood and typically adulthood, but can occur at any age
This type of DM can develop in just a few weeks or months and can be severe.
What is Type 1 DM?
In DKA and HHNKS both have this symptom
What is hyperglycemia
The Gold Standard for managing DM
What is HbA1c?
This type of insulin begins working within 30min - 1hour and peaks 3-6 hours
What is short-Acting insulin (Regular insulin)?
The treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 includes_________, ________, _________ and the treatment for Type 2 The treatment for Diabetes Mellitus 2 includes _______, _________, __________, ____________,
__________
What is diet and life long insulin therapy and exercise.
What is weight loss, diet, exercise, oral antidiabetic medications and insulin if needed.
This type of DM can take years to develop.
What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
In DKA this type of insulin is given IV
What is regular insulin?
The first drug of choice for treating Type 2 DM
What is Metformin a biguanide?
This type of insulin begins to work in 2-4 hours and peaks 8-10 hours.
What is Intermediate- Acting insulin (NPH)
The risk factors for developing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus include ________, ___________, _________, ___________
What is
an autoimmune reaction,
family history: Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes,
Age
In the USA, Caucasians are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than African American and Hispanic or Latino people.
This type of DM usually has no noticeable symptoms
What is gestational DM?
HHNKS is characterized by
What are hyperglycemia, dehydration and no ketones in the urine or in the breath, mental status chages
Besides, antidiabetic medications and insulin when necessary for treating Type 2 DM, there are other strategies to mange blood glucose and include
What are diet, exercise, weight loss if needed and smoking cessation
Insulin injections are rotated after every injection to prevent
Lipohypertrophy (lumps of fat tissue under the skin)
This risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are ________,__________,________,
_________, ___________, _________, ___________
What are
Besides the classic signs and symptoms of DM other symptoms include
What are weight loss, hunger, blurred vision, numbness or tingling of hands or feet, fatigue, dry skin, sores that heal slowly and, more infections than usual.
DKA is characterized by
What is Hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, Kussmaul respirations, ketones in the urine, abdominal pain and mental status changes
The diagnostic criteria for DM includes
What are a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher x 2
2-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL or higher
During an oral glucose tolerance test a random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL or higher with classic symptoms
HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher