Macromolecules
What happens when to an enzyme when temperature or pH are not right?
Denature
Homeostasis is best defined as...
A stable internal environment
Passive transports always goes from _______ concentration to ________ concentration.
High to low
Where is a majority of the energy produced during cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
The goal of mitosis is to
Create identical copies of cells
2 Identical daughter cells
Insulin is considered what type of protein?
Primary
Negative
Cells absorb water through what process?
Osmosis
Where is the most ATP produced during cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Describe a cell...
The smallest functional unit of life
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?
Saturated fats have all single bonds, unsaturated fats have double bonds
What needs to happen in order for a feedback loop to start?
Stimulus
Why does active transport require energy?
Molecules are being transported against their concentration gradient
Name a similarity and difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic: less ATP, no oxygen, only in cytoplasm
Aerobic: cytoplasm and mitochondria, oxygen present, more ATP production
A cell spends a majority of its life in which phase
Interphase
what is it called when all enzymes are covered with substrate?
point of saturation
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
A. During a time of high stress, Justin's heart races, his muscles tense, and he feels sweat dripping down his forehead.
B. Sick with the flu, Alison's body temperature rises to fever levels.
C. Boris doesn't drink very much water one day. To compensate, his kidneys remove less fluid from his blood, and produce less urine than normal.
D. As Grace races up the ten flights of stairs to her apartment, the muscle cells in her legs produce excess lactic acid, causing a burning sensation in her legs.
C
Moving glucose into the cell is which type of transport?
Facilitated Diffusion
How does the body create ATP?
ADP finds a phosphate group, and creates a high energy bond to form ATP.
Describe the difference between negative and positive feedback? Give examples of each
Negative feedback does the opposite, while positive feedback enhances what is going on.
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?
Competitive- something other then the substrate binds to the active site
Non-competitive- something binds to the enzyme to change the shape of the active site
When blood sugar is low, what does the body need to do?
Body needs to break down glycogen from the liver into glucose to raise BG to normal levels.
Explain why cells are almost always hypertonic to fresh water?
Cells are almost hypertonic because they contain salts, sugars, proteins, and other molecules.
When glucose enters the cell, it may undergo anaerobic or aerobic respiration. Each process starts with _______ being spilt into _________ in glycolysis. After this occurs, if ___________ is not present, fermentation will occur. Otherwise, cellular respiration will occur. Cellular respiration is favored by many organisms, such as trees and mushrooms, because more ________ is produced.
Glucose
Pyruvates
Oxygen
ATP
Describe three body systems that contribute to diabetes?
Digestion
Endocrine
Circulatory
Nervous