Pathophysiology
Hit me with your best (insulin) shot
It's complicated
Show me the evidence
All pharmacists should know this!
100
This potentially fatal complication of diabetes occurs due to the buildup of ketones due to hyperglycemia
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
100
This is the insulin with the longest duration of action approved by the FDA
What is Tresiba (insulin degludec)?
100
Stroke and heart attack are examples of this type of diabetic complication
What are macrovascular complications?
100
These are the two organizations which release guidelines for the management of diabetes
Who are the ADA and AACE/ACE?
100
These are common, unique side effects of Invokana, Jardiance, and Farxiga
What are UTIs and infections?
200
This lab test can help determine whether or not a patient has T1DM
What is C-peptide test?
200
These agents should be discontinued upon initiation of insulin
What are sulfonylureas?
200
This is how often a patient with diabetes should receive an eye exam
What is every year?
200
This trial showed that liraglutide reduced the risk of death from cardiovascular causes
What is the LEADER Trial?
200
These are the new renal dose adjustments for metformin
What is eGFR of 45 mL/min for initiation of therapy, and eGFR of 40 mL/min for continuation of therapy?
300
This phenomenon occurs when the body overcompensates for untreated hypoglycemia with rebound hyperglycemia
What is the Somogyi Effect?
300
This is the closest way to mimic physiologic insulin production
What is an insulin pump OR basal-bolus insulin?
300
These are the things patients should check for when they examine their feet
What are cuts, sores, slow-healing wounds, punctures, and dryness?
300
This agent was shown to have cardiovascular benefit in the EMPA-REG OUTCOMES Trial
What is Jardiance (empagliflozin)?
300
This is the type of cancer for which GLP-1 agonists have a BBW
What is medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?
400
These are the goal A1c and blood glucose values PER ADA
What is A1c <7%*, FBG 80-130, and 2HPPG <180?
400
These are the types of insulin that is available over the counter
What are human insulins?
400
Gastroparesis is an example of ____ diabetic neuropathy
What is autonomic?
400
Per AACE/ACE guidelines, insulin should be strongly considered in patients with an A1c equal or greater to ___.
What is 9%?
400
This is the DPP-IV agent that does not require renal adjustment
What is Tradjenta (linagliptin)?
500
Insulin can be used to manage the excess of this electrolyte
What is potassium?
500
This is the maximum units of insulin able to be given with one Toujeo injection
What are 80 units?
500
These are agents which can be used to treat diabetic neuropathy
What are SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs?
500
The NICE-SUGAR study found that ___ glycemic control led to decreased risk of death.
What is moderate glycemic control?
500
These are ways to help with metformin GI intolerance
What are switching to ER formulation, taking with food, or decreasing dose?
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