Diagnosing Osteoporosis

Imaging

100

This imaging technique looks specifically at the lumbar spine and hip/femoral head

What is a DEXA scan?

200

A T-Score less than or equal to -2.5 is indicative of what?

What is osteoporosis?

300

This imaging technique looks at the following: distal forearm

What is a peripheral DEXA scan?

Lab tests

100

This is a lab test that can be run to diagnosis osteoporosis (besides CMP and CBC)

What is PTH, phosphate levels, serum hydroxyvitamin D, 24 hr urine test for Ca2+, Na+, or creatinine?

200

This hormone is dual function: (1) in excess, it can lead to excess release of Ca2+ from bone, thus greater bone mass loss; (2) it can be used as therapy in cases of severe osteoporosis

What is PTH?

300

This type of osteoporosis is measured by changes in PTH, phosphate, and serum hydroxyvitamin D

What is secondary osteoporosis?

FRAX score

100

This assessment estimates the 10 year probability of major osteoporotic fractures

What is FRAX score

200

List 2 requirements of running a FRAX score

What are:

1. post menopausal women

2. 40+ years old

3. no osteoporosis meds

300

This component is used to determine the FRAX score and is calculated using data from the most recent imaging study (DEXA typically)

What is the femoral neck BMD?

Risk Factors

100

This is considered the contributing factor to primary osteoporosis

What is menopause?

200

These are social/environmental factors that can increase bone mass loss

What are: alcohol, smoking, drugs, stress, lack of exercise, diet?

300

This is considered a hallmark of secondary osteoporosis

What are diseases (malnutrition, diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, klinefelter's, etc)