Measurement concept
What are the different types of validity?
- face validity
- content validity
- construct validity
- criterion validity
Is it important to use the most recent edition of a published test? True or false
True
How to handle the CLD issue while assessing CLD clients:
1. ethnography
2. know the history of the client
3. know the normal communicative patterns of the clients dominate language.
4. know the normal patterns of second-language acquisitions
5. CLD assessment
What is language loss?
- this is a decline in a speakers first language proficiency while a second language is being learned
What is the difference between basal and ceiling?
- Basal is the starting for test administration. Is 3 consecutively correct responses
- ceiling is the ending point. determined by a requisite number of consecutively incorrect answers (4 errors or 8+ errors depending on the test)
What are the two types of rater reliability
- intra-rater reliability
- inter-rater reliability
What is the meaning of norm-referenced test?
-They allow a comparison of an individuals performance to the performance of a larger group called normative group.
- answers the question how does my client compare to the average?
What is interference or transfer?
- this occurs when communicative behaviors from the first language are transferred to the second language
What is Code-Switching?
- this occurs when a speaker alternates between two languages within the same utterances or discource.
What does it mean a score more than 2 Standard Deviations (SD) below the mean?
- would indicate that there may be a problem that is cause for concern = exceptional, outside of average range
What does HIPPA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What information should a standardized test manual include?
- the purpose of the test
- the age range
- test construction and development
- administration and scoring procedures
- normative sample group and statistical information
- test reliability
- test validity
What is fossilization?
- this occurs when specific second language errors become ingrained even after the speaker has achieved a high level of second language proficiency.
What should we pay attention to while collecting information from other professionals?
- it is important to maintain an objective position throughout the assessment, relying primarily on direct observation and evaluation results
How to plan for a diversity into an assessment?
- ensure adequate sample representing the phonetic and phonemic skills
- include different situations:picture description, story telling, problem-solving, and conversations
- each sample 2-3 minutes
Name 2 things that HIPPA require
- Must obtain National provider identifier (NPI)number
- Give a copy of the clinician's privacy policies
- health information is confidentially
- standards for electronic health care transaction
- maintain an accounting of disclosures
- business associates comply with HIPPA regulations
What is criterion- referenced tests
- identify what a client can and cannot do compared to a predefined criterion
- answers the question "how does my client's performance compare to an expected level of performance"
What is silent period?
- this is a 3-6 month period when a second language learner is actively listening and learning but speaking little
What steps are involved in Orofacial Examination?
-preparation
- two-folded process (determine structural and functional integrity)
- evaluation of both the structures and function of the speech mechanism
- examining the head and facial structures
- examining the oral cavity structures
- diadochokinetic syllable rate
What info can a clinician obtain while having a client read a passage?
- it allows the clinician to observe the client's articulation, voice, fluency, and reading abilities
Difference between sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity is a patient being tested and having the outcome be positive. (They are diagnosed with a disorder)
Specificity is a patient being tested and having the outcome be negative. (They are not diagnosed with the disorder)
What is authentic/ alternative/ non-traditional assessment?
- assessments identifies what a client can and cannot do, emphasize on contextualized test stimuli
- more realistic and natural
What is interlanguage?
- this occurs when a speaker develops a personal linguistic system while attempting to produce the targeted language. interlanguage is constantly changing as the speaker becomes more proficient in the second language.
What are different hearing pathologies?
- conductive hearing loss
- sensorineural hearing loss
- mixed hearing loss
- auditory processing disorders
What is stimulability testing?
- to test the client's ability to have improved performance on the targeted behavior when given a model or a quick cue