Stages of Literacy
Emergent Literacy Stage (Age and 2 characteristics)
Young to middle of 1st grade.
Use scribbles to communicate.
Phonological Awareness
Negatively affects how sound travels through ear.
Auditory Processing Disorder
Concepts about print
Speech to print match
Knowledge of Letter Names
Phonological awareness
Emergent
What does Mr. Daniels do to examine the reading problem that Ally has?
Mr. Daniels pays close attention to Ally’s struggles.
He notices that Ally is quick to avoid reading and writing tasks. It doesn’t take
Mr. Daniels long to
figure out that Ally tries to get in trouble to avoid completing reading tasks. Mr. Daniels tells Ally
that he won’t be sending her out of the class. Mr. Daniels realizes very quickly that Ally tries to avoid
assignments because they a
re really tough for her.
as the teacher, you can’t really change the reader BUT the teacher can make attempts to
positively impact a student’s motivation as
a reader, teach students monitoring and elaboration
strategies, and provide materials that are of interest to the reader.
Reader
Early Developing Literacy Stage
First through second grade.
Alphabetic principle becomes real.
Writing contains invented spelling.
Negatively affects child's written communication.
Dysgraphia
Word Identification
Phonemic awareness
Spelling assessments
Story retelling
Early Developing
What does Mr. Daniels do to diagnose the reading problem that all has?
Mr. Daniels challenges Ally
to read and write in
class and independently so he can watch how she responds.
He observes closely her strength and
comfort with art as well as her disco
mfort with letters and words.
Mr. Daniels asks Ally to stay after
school
so he can work one
on
one with her in a more comfortable setting (playing a game of chess)
.
the level of a text that a child is asked to read can be changed to meet the needs of the
learner; consideration should be made
for the content of the text, density of information within the
text, format of the text (i.e., narrative, expository), organization and style of the text, complexity of
the grammar used in the text, and the level of vocabulary used in the text.
Text
Developing Literacy Stage
Third through fifth grade.
Use more prosody when reading.
Writing = Descriptive details
Negatively affects a child's ability to read and process language.
Dyslexia
Fluency Assessment
Cloze Test
Miscue Analysis
Developing
What does Mr. Daniels do as a method of treatment for Ally?
Mr. Daniels makes adjustments to the assignments that
Ally is
required to complete (at first it leads to embarrassment when the substitute points out that Ally
doesn’t have to write for the assignment; in the end it leads to motivation as Ally says she doesn’t
want to have exceptions made for her). Mr. Danie
ls teaches Ally strategies for attacking words that
are moving and dancing all over the page. H
e
teaches
her to focus on the beginning and the end of a
word and use clues to figure out what could be in the middle to figure out the word.
it is
critical that tasks are differentiated so that they address the skill, concept, or standard to
be learned while also allowing the student to learn on his/her level. The teacher can adjust the mode
of the task (i.e., student answers orally or in writing) o
r the level of demands within the task (i.e.,
higher
level questioning).
Task
Strategic Literacy stage
Fifth through eighth grade.
Own point of view is developed.
Writing students use elaborate essays.
Can negatively affect both receptive and expressive language.
Language Processing Disorder
Self-Report of Strategy Use
Summarization Rubric
Think-Aloud Assessment
Strategic
What are the three materials that Kiesha, Ally, and Albert were wearing on their shirts?
Flint
Steel
Magnesium
he teacher sets up a positive learning environment with student
interactions encouraged and supported; the teacher responds to students in a supportive manner
re
gardless of them being right or wrong
Situational Context
Complex Literacy Stage
High School to College.
Multiple sources with multiple perspectives.
Writing is embedded in more content tasks.
Negatively affects the understanding of information that a person sees, or ability to draw.
VisualPerceptual/ Visual Motor
Number in each stage.
Emergent=4
Early Developing=4
Developing=3
Strategic=3
What was Ally's poem?
Rain, rain falling down
Down, down on the ground
All birds go in the trees
They don't like the rain, you see.
teachers can utilize specific techniques that best meet individual student’s learning
styles and abilities; teachers should use instructional techniques that match the strategies used by
each student
Technique