X-Ray Components
What are the components of a typical X-ray cassette in order from front (where X-rays enter) to back?
What typically appears hyperechoic (bright white) on ultrasound imaging?
Bone and gas
Which of the following can be easily changed by a technician to increase the amount of exposure on a radiograph without affecting the amount of contrast?
Increase milliamperage
If a region of the film does not come into contact with developer but does run through fixer and the rest of the processing steps, what will this region look like?
It will be clear
The radiograph cassette is usually placed on the tabletop to radiograph what joint in a medium-sized dog?
Elbow
What is the function of the screen of an X-ray cassette?
During ultrasound of the bladder, a hyperechoic (white) linear structure is seen against the bladder wall that creates a black shadow obscuring all structures deep to it. What is this structure most likely?
Urolith
For a veterinary X-ray technician, what is the maximum permissible dose of radiation they can receive in one year?
50 mSv
Which of the following correctly describes the order and function of fixer and developer solutions during radiograph processing?
First, developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals
When taking a radiograph of the tibia and fibula, which of the following will occur if the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the tibia and fibula but not the the x-ray cassette and film?
The tibia and fibula will appear elongated
What is the purpose of a Potter-Bucky diaphragm on an X-ray machine (sometimes called a "Bucky tray")?
Eliminate grid lines on the film
Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes
Which of the following represents the source of the most radiation exposure to a veterinary technician who is restraining a cat for a radiograph, taking the exposure, and processing the film?
Scatter from the patient area
What is the metallic element present on a radiograph film that turns black when exposed and run through the radiograph development process?
Silver
What animal does not have a gall bladder?
Horse
What is an advantage of using a larger filament in some x-ray machines?
Higher exposures can be used
A double-contract cystogram involves which of the following?
Soluble positive-contrast media and air injected directly into the bladder
What three things help to minimize your exposure to radiation while taking radiographs, according to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission?
Time, Distance, Shielding
How are non-screen film and screen x-ray film radiography related?
Non-screen film is more sensitive to x-rays
Ocular lens
What is the purpose of a grid on an x-ray table?
To prevent scatter radiation from reaching the film
What procedure requires the use of contrast (dye)?
Myelogram
Which of the following errors in taking and processing a radiograph would result in a completely clear film?
The exposed film was put in fixer before developer
You pull a 6 year old film out of a folder to compare to radiographs that you took today. The old film appears to have yellow-brown staining. What is the likely cause of this?
You are asked to take a DLPMO radiograph of a horse's fetlock with a portable x-ray unit. Where will the x-ray unit be and where should the film cassette be?
The x-ray beam should come from the more dorsal side of the limb, and the film will be on the more medial aspect of the limb