Specimen Collection
what does an occult blood specimen test for?
bleeding in the GI tract
What is a cardiac catheterization?
a procedure used to determine the function of the heart, valves, and coronary circulation
catheter is inserted into a vein or artery and threaded into the heart for injection of contrast media and to obtain pressure readings
what drugs are withheld 3 days prior to a colonoscopy procedure?
any iron medication, aspirin, and most anti-inflammatory drugs
what is the expected range count for WBC's and platelets?
WBC=5-10 thousand
Platelets=150-400 thousand
what is polyps?
growths protruding from a mucous membrane
what type of patients are blood glucose test used for?
Diabetic patients
patients showing signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
is surgical aseptic or medical aseptic technique used for a cardiac catheterization?
surgical aseptic technique
True or False
it is okay for the patient to have liquids such as red gatorade or juice prior to a colonoscopy.
False
patients are placed on a clear liquid diet 24-48 hours before the procedure, and having nothing by mouth for at least 8 hours
What are the normal ranges for the hemoglobin and hematocrit components of the blood?
Hemoglobin (Hgb)=12.0-18.0 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct)= 37.0-52.0 mL/dL
what is aspiration?
withdrawal of fluid or cells
The correct technique for obtaining a stool specimen for ova and parasites is to use a wooden stick and:
a. place the whole stool specimen in the specimen container
b. obtain the specimen from the middle of the stool
c. obtain the specimen from 2 parts of the stool
d. include any liquid stool
b. obtain the specimen from the middle of the stool
what are the instructions of diet before a CC is performed?
Nothing given by mouth for at least 6 hours
*sedative narcotic may be given to allay apprehension and anxiety*
True or False
a signed consent is required to preform a colonoscopy
True
a BUN and creatinine test is used to check what organ?
the kidneys
what is a hematoma?
collection of clotted blood
How should the nurse obtain specimen for a throat culture?
while depressing the tongue, insert sterile swab into the throat and rotate it slightly around the tonsil area and back wall only touching the areas of exudate
what is one very important nursing intervention prior to diagnostic testing?
patient education regarding the test
what are some nursing interventions post colonoscopy?
observe patients for signs of bowel perforations (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills)
monitor vital signs every half hour for 2 hours
encourage increased fluid intake (make up for non intake prior to procedure)
inform that the patient may pass large amounts of flatus. Will be minor rectal bleeding if polyps were removed
a LDH, CK, and troponine test are used to check the...?
Heart
What is a colonoscopy?
inspection of the entire large intestine for polyps, inflammation, and malignant lesions
A patient brings a urine specimen sample to the office that was obtained 2 hours before his visit, will the test results of a urine dip be accurate?
No, urine specimens must be tested while they are fresh for the result to be accurate
if the patient produces the specimen at home, ask that it be refrigerated until it can be brought in for testing
what nursing care is provided post-cardiac catheterization?
bed rest for 2-12 hours
frequent checks of pressure dressing over the insertion point
vital signs and distal pulses every 10-15 minutes for the 1st hour & check temp every 6 hours
observe for chest pain, dyspnea, or bleeding from wound
when instructing the patient about a colonoscopy, you would include that: (select all that apply)
a. the prep for the procedure starts 24 to 48 hours beforehand
b. it is okay to drive home afterward
c. there is often some rectal bleeding afterward
d. sedation will be given before the procedure
e. cranberry juice is encouraged preprocedure to minimize the risk of a UTI
a. the prep for the procedure starts 24 to 48 hours beforehand
d. sedation will be given before the procedure
The patient's CBC revealed a Hgb of 128gm/dL, a platelet count of 52,000/mm, and a WBC of 7,500. These results indicate what?
a. a high leukocyte count
b. normal platelets and low WBC's
c. a low platelet count
d. normal WBC's and a low hemoglobin
c. a low platelet count
what is a culture?
the growing of microorganisms in or on a medium designed for their growth