Behavioral Assessment
What are the advantages of behavioural assessments?
Measurement of problem behaviours
Identification of A and C
Wide range of different techniques
Can use to identify problem sources
What is base rate?
The relative portion of people who fulfil the criterion
Prevalence
Define convergent and discriminant validity.
Correlation between different assessment methods measuring identical construct
Lack of correlation between different methods measuring different constructs
What are core differences between interview and conversation?
Interviews include:
-clear sequence
-organized around specific, relevant themes in order to achieve defined goals
-Information is usually not available by use of alternative methods
-aim to establish a relationship that enables a psychologist to obtain relevant info
-allow for direction and support to be provided
Name four different measures for calculating the reliability of a measure.
-retest-test reliability
-parallel test reliability
-split-half reliability
-internal consistency
What are the major limitations of behavioural interviewing?
Psychometric properties sometimes unclear
Resource intensive (time, personnel, equipment)
What is sensitivity?
How can the convergent validity be describes according to MTMM Matrix?
Convergent validity is shown , if monotrait-heteromehtod correlations are significantly above zero
What are areas covered by the mental status exam?
physical appearance, behaviour, speech, though processes, thought content, mood, affect, cognitive functioning, orientation, recent memory, immediate recall, remote memory
test halves do not measure entire exam, therefore cannot be adequate estimation of reliability
What is cue utilisation?
The correlation between cues and observer ratings
What is specificity?
the probability that test yields a negative diagnosis given that the individual does not have the condition for which he or she being tested.
Describe three different way to estimate discriminant validity according to the MTMM matrix?
1) Heterotrait-heteromethod correlations are smaller than convergent validities
2) Heterotrait-monomethod correlations are smaller than convergent validities
3) Pattern of heterotrait correlations is similar within and across methods
Describe 6 aspects that define good interviewing.
-expression of sincerity
-acceptance
-understanding
-genuine interest
-warmth
-positive regard for worth of person
-sensitive to nonverbal emotional messages
-intermediate amount of notetaking
-recordings need signed consent
Does satisfactory reliability of a measure guarantee that the measure represents a homogeneous construct?
No, not all items may have the same reliability (reliability may vary by item)
List four methods of recording cognitions.
thinking aloud, private speech, assessment of children's speech while engaging in activity, articulated thought, thought listing
What is the selection rate?
The portion of accepted/employed candidates
Describe two different ways of identifying method effects in the MTMM Matrix.
What are core assets and limitations of interview?
Assets: suitable for crisis situations, establish rapport and encourage self-exploration, create trust, openness, and feeling of being understood
Limitations: diagnostic disagreement, no in-depth studies of incremental or construct validity
Give and example of the BLM. Assets and Limitations?
Assets: validates cue
Limitations: does not validate cue, time consuming, costly
An increase in the selection results in a _______ of the efficiency of the diagnosis. Explain why.
-hiring more people, but base rate does not increase
-more likely to accept people who are not qualified
Describe different aspects of behavioural vs client-entered interviewing.
behavioral approach
-rather structured
-focuses on different info
-comes from belief that changes occur due to external influences and consequences
-client-centered
-Non-directive
-rather unstructured
-belief clients have inner ability to change