Foundations
First Sound Fluency
Phoneme Segmentation
Letter Naming Fluency
Pot Pourri
100
What does the acronym DIBELS stand for?
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills
100
The First Sound Fluency Measure is an indicator of which Early Literacy Skill? a. phonics b. phonemic awareness c. phonological awareness
b. Phonemic Awareness
100
Phoneme Segmentation Fluency is a direct assessment of one of the first steps toward successful reading, phonemic awareness. It is an indication of whether or not students can produce all of the _________ sounds or phonemes in spoken words.
individual
100
Why are there no Benchmark Goals for Letter Naming Fluency?
LNF is an indicator or risk rather than an instructional target. It is a strong and robust predictor of later reading achievement but is NOT a powerful INSTRUCTIONAL TARGET. (This means that teaching students who are struggling readers letter names is not the skill that will lead to better reading outcomes.) It can be an indicator of the amount of support a student may need.
100
How many words correct per minute should a student read by the end of 1st grade in order to be considered "on track?"
47 words per minute
200
DIBELS is a set of measures that can be used to assess early literacy and reading skills for students K- 6th grades. A major point of difference between DIBELS and many other assessment tools is that the DIBELS measures are sensitive to ________ in child performance and to effects of intervention over ________ intervals of time.
growth short
200
Explain phonemic awareness. "Phonemic awareness is the ability to ______________, _____________, and ________________ sounds in spoken language.
recognize, produce, and manipulate
200
Phoneme Segmentation Fluency is a one-minute indicator of phonemic awareness that is given from the middle of kindergarten through the beginning of first grade. The score is the number of correct ________ __________ produced in ______ minute.
sound segments one
200
True or False? The assessor may point as often as needed to help a student keep his/her place and should do so if necessary. For a student who has difficulty tracking from left to right, it is also an approved accommodation to use a marker or ruler.
True
200
In order for DIBELS scores to be compared to benchmark goals, they must be given under what kind of conditions?
Standardized conditions
300
Based on the research name at least 4 conclusions we can make about reading trajectories?
1. Reading trajectories are established early and tend to be stable over time. 2. Students who start on a low trajectory tend to stay in the low group, even many years later and in spite of intervention. 3. Gaps widen over time---the bottom group never catches up. 4. Once a gap occurs, the trajectories of the two groups never meet again. 5. There is a natural goes upness and downess in a given student's reading trajectory, but generally the trend is upward.
300
First Sound Fluency assesses fluency with identifying initial sounds in words. Initial sounds may include the first group of sounds or an initial, individual sound. When is the FSF measure given?
Beginning and middle of kindergarten
300
The score is the number of different (individual) correct sound segments produced in _____ minute. The wait rule is _____ seconds. The discontinue rule is
one 5 no correct sound segments in the first 5 words
300
When is the LNF measure administered?
Beginning of kindergarten through the beginning of first grade
300
The DIBELS Next measures work as indicators of the BIG IDEAS or basic early literacy skills in reading. These are skills that are predictive of reading acquisition and later reading achievement. These are skills that we can do something about. These are skills we can teach. These are skills that improve outcomes for children Name 5 Basic Early Literacy Skills.
Phonemic Awareness Comprehension Alphabetic principle and phonics Accuracy and fluency with connected text Vocabulary and oral language
400
Benchmark goals are made up of 2 components: a score and a point in time. For students to be on track to reach future reading outcomes, they must reach a certain score by a particular point in time. The benchmark goals represent where we want the lowest student to be by that point in time. What are the 3 categories of benchmark goals and what do they mean?
At or Above: Student has an 80-90% chance of reaching future reading outcomes if instruction stays the same. Below: Student as a 40-60% chance of reaching future reading goals if instruction stays the same. Well Below: Student has a 10-20% chance of reaching future goals if instruction stays the same.
400
How many points would a student receive for the following? "ssss" for sun "str" for street "si" for sit
2 1 1 (More points (2) are given for identifying individual first sounds in words because recognizing and producing individual phonemes is a more advanced skill than recognizing and producing a group of individual sounds.
400
There are 5 scoring rules for PSF. The overarching rule is to underline or tap each different correct part of the word. 1. Blended or partially correct segmentation should be ____________ exactly as the student said it and given ___ point per underline. 2. Put a _______ through sound segments that are incorrect. 3. If the student repeats the whole word ______ it. 4. Leave _______ any sound segments the student skips. 5. Students can earn a point for any sound segment that is self-corrected within _____ seconds.
underlined 1 slash circle blank 3
400
Answer the following: The score for LNF is the number of _______ named correctly in _____ minute. The wait rule is _____ seconds. The measure is discontinued if the student does not name any letters correctly in the ______ row.
letters one 3 first
400
What is a phoneme?
A phoneme is the smallest unit of speech that makes a difference to the meaning of the word.
500
One of the unique features of DIBELS is that it is attached to a specific decision making model called the Outcomes Driven Model. This model has four steps. The first is to Identify and validate need for support. What are the other 3 steps?
1. Identify and validate need for support. 2. Plan and implement the support. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of the support. 4. Review outcomes.
500
When do you begin timing the FSF measure and for how long?
Begin timing the measure right after YOU (the assessor) say the first word on the measure. It is a one minute measure.
500
There is no scoring penalty for the following: 1. Adding the ________ sound to consonants 2. Different pronunciation due to ____________ or dialect differences. 3. _________ sounds (as in sssssunnnn)
Schwa articulation elongating
500
LNF Scoring Rules: There are 4 scoring rules: 1. Leaves letters named correctly _______. 2. _________ any letter that the student omits or names ____________. 3. Write _____ above any letter marked incorrect that was self-corrected within ____ seconds. 4. Draw a _______ through any row the student skips and do ______ count that row in scoring.
blank Slash incorrectly SC line NOT
500
For all the measures, what is the "wait rule"?
Students must respond to each word within 3 seconds.
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