Cardiac
This type of chest pain is typically described as pressure-like, substernal, and may radiate to the jaw or left arm, often triggered by exertion and relieved by rest.
What is angina pectoris?
This pulse, located behind the medial malleolus, is commonly assessed to evaluate peripheral circulation in the lower extremities.
What is the posterior tibial pulse?
A 22-year-old presents with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and rebound tenderness. This condition should be high on your differential.
What is appendicitis?
A 28-year-old woman presents with dysuria, urinary frequency, and suprapubic discomfort. No fever or flank pain is reported. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?
This phase of the menstrual cycle begins on the first day of bleeding and is marked by low estrogen and progesterone levels.
What is the menstrual (or early follicular) phase?
A high-pitched, blowing holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex and radiating to the axilla is characteristic of this valvular disorder.
What is mitral regurgitation?
A patient presents with leg pain that worsens with walking and improves with rest. The limb is cool and pale with diminished pulses. This condition is most likely:
What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
A patient reports epigastric burning pain that improves with food but worsens a few hours later. This pattern is most consistent with this diagnosis.
What is duodenal ulcer?
A 65-year-old man reports difficulty initiating urination, weak stream, and nocturia. Digital rectal exam reveals a smooth, enlarged prostate. This condition is most likely:
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
This hormone surges approximately 24–36 hours before ovulation and is used in ovulation predictor kits.
What is luteinizing hormone (LH)?
A 72-year-old presents with exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral lower extremity edema. Lung auscultation reveals crackles. This condition should be high on your differential.
What is congestive heart failure?
A 60-year-old presents with unilateral leg swelling, warmth, and tenderness along the calf. Homan’s sign is positive. This condition should be ruled out immediately.
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A 65-year-old presents with a change in bowel habits, unintentional weight loss, and iron-deficiency anemia. This serious condition must be ruled out.
What is colorectal cancer?
A 55-year-old smoker presents with painless gross hematuria. This symptom should prompt evaluation for this serious condition.
What is bladder cancer?
A 24-year-old woman presents with irregular cycles, acne, and hirsutism. Labs show elevated androgens and an LH:FSH ratio >2:1. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
A patient experiences sudden syncope during exertion. Physical exam reveals a harsh systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border. This potentially fatal condition should be ruled out.
What is aortic stenosis?
A patient presents with bilateral lower leg edema, hyperpigmentation around the ankles, and a shallow ulcer near the medial malleolus. This chronic condition is the most likely cause.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
A 30-year-old presents with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Colonoscopy reveals skip lesions and cobblestoning. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is Crohn’s disease?
A 40-year-old presents with sudden, severe flank pain radiating to the groin, hematuria, and restlessness. This diagnosis should be considered.
What is nephrolithiasis (kidney stone)?
A 32-year-old athlete with a BMI of 17 and secondary amenorrhea likely has this condition, which results from hypothalamic suppression due to energy imbalance.
What is functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?
A 55-year-old presents with chest pain that improves when sitting up and worsens when lying down. On auscultation, a friction rub is heard. ECG shows diffuse ST elevation. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is acute pericarditis?
A 72-year-old male smoker presents with sudden-onset abdominal and back pain, hypotension, and a pulsatile abdominal mass. This life-threatening vascular emergency must be addressed immediately.
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?
A 48-year-old with a history of alcohol use presents with jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, and asterixis. These findings are consistent with this advanced hepatic condition.
What is cirrhosis?
A 32-year-old woman presents with fever, lower abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness, and purulent cervical discharge. This condition must be treated promptly to prevent infertility.
What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
A 35-year-old woman presents with heavy menstrual bleeding, fatigue, and a family history of bleeding disorders. Labs reveal prolonged PT and a low von Willebrand factor. This diagnosis should be considered.
What is von Willebrand disease?