Protein
What are 2 qualities that allow a protein to be considered a "High-quality protein"?
1. Adequate in all essential amino acids
2. Easily digested
What is considered the "bad" type of lipid?
LDL- Transports/Stores cholesterol within the bloodstream
(saturated fat)
Define Glycogenesis
The synthesis of glycogen
Name the satiety hormone produced by adipose cells that is a potent regulator of food intake
Leptin
Define Deamination
removal of the amine group from an amino acid
acid for excretion
List 2 examples of High-quality protein.
Egg and milk proteins
What is considered the "good" type of lipid?
(Unsaturated)
Glycogenolysis
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Which type of fat is associated with heat generation?
Which type of animals have this type of fat?
Brown adipose tissue
Newborn animals, Hibernating animals
Define Transamination
The transfer of the amino group from one amino acid to make a non-essential amino acid
List 1 low-quality protein.
Zein (corn protein)
How does adipocyte LPL expression change during fasting?
Bonus:
What occurs to muscle cells during fasting?
Adipocyte LPL expression is reduced
Bonus: Muscle cell expression is increased
Define Glycolysis
The breakdown of one glucose molecule into two pyruvate
Which fatty acid is overconsumed in the U.S.? Which fatty acid is underconsumed?
Omega 6 fatty acids are OVER CONSUMED
Omega 3 fatty acids are UNDER CONSUMED
Define the urea cycle
The process by which amino acids are broken down, and excreted.
What type of bonds does linoleic acid have?
C18:2
Cis double bonds located on carbons 9 and 12
How does adipocyte LPL expression change during a fed state?
Expression is upregulated in adipocytes
(expression is decreased in muscle cells)
Define the TCA cycle
(Kreb's of TCA cycle) An aerobic pathway in the mitochondria that uses Acetyl CoA to produce the equivalents of 25 ATP per glucose mole of glucose
What gene is responsible for the production of leptin?
the OB gene
Define translation
The process by which mRNA is "read" to ultimately produce a protein
What are chylomicrons?
What is Hepatic Lipase? Where is it produced?
A glycoprotein that catabolizes the hydrolysis of tri-, di-, and mono- glycerides
the liver
Define Gluconeogenesis
The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors
What type of fat is associated with obesity?
White adipose tissue
Define transcription
Interpretation of hereditary info from DNA to produce a strand of mRNA