Digestion: What is that?
The portion of the small intestine directly after the pyloric sphincter that neutralizes the acidic stomach chyme and mixes gallbladder bile.
What is the duodenum?
Name of the structure that transports urine from the kidney to enter the bladder.
What is a ureter?
protein in urine
What is proteinuria?
Enzyme used to breakdown lipids
What is lipase?
color of urine if dehydrated
What is dark yellow or amber?
The portion of the digestive system where salivary amylase is added to begin the breakdown of starch.
What is the mouth?
Nephrons
What are small filtration units in the cortex of the kidneys to filter blood and remove waste?
Painful bacterial infection of urinary organs
What is urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Enzyme with highest activity rate in very acidic environments
What is pepsin?
Balance pH, H2O and ions
Control blood pressure
Cleansing of toxic waste
What are the functions of the kidneys?
The accessory organs that do not directly contact food yet aid in digestion.
What are salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder?
Organ which contains stretch receptors that send motor signals to the brain which can be overridden and ignored for a period of time.
What is the bladder?
Similarities and differences between Maple Syrup Urine Disease and Ketosis.
Freebie if you get some of the info!
Both have sweet smelling urine.
MSUD is genetic and usually diagnosed almost immediately after birth and is due to specific amino acid buildups in urine because the body lacks the proper enzymes for breaking down these completely. These buildups are extremely dangerous and can cause permanent mental damage to infants. A strictly controlled diet is the only treatment. Fun fact: Urine looks like maple syrup and most prevalent in the Mennonite and Ashkenazi Jew populations.
Ketosis is due to a buildup of sugar in urine as the body is not properly absorbing glucose (such as type 1 diabetes). This excess is excreted in the urine and can be tested in the lab using Benedict's solution. Fun fact: if you drink the urine it will taste sweet too!
Over consumption (40,000 - 100,000 mg/day) of these vitamins is toxic as they are stored in fats
What are vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Anchors a tooth in place
What is periodontal ligament?
3 sheet-like membranes that hold organs in place, help supply blood to organs, and help transport absorbed nutrients and water into the bloodstream.
What is messentary?
Long extension of nephron connecting proximal and distal tubules that extends into the medulla.
What is the loop of Henle?
Pain in the lower right abdominal area. Light pressure may alleviate pain however removal of pressure is much worse. Usually accompanied by fever and constipation.
What is appendicitis?
The final step in carbohydrate digestion
What is absorption by villi
Folds of tissue found in bladder and stomach to allow stretching
What is rugae?
Mastication vs Emulsification (2 words each)
What is mechanical digestion vs chemical digestion?
Name of pathway for maintaining blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (page 352 in book).
Sudan III positive test in urine. (take a guess that you think this is called...)
How is lipiduria diagnosed which is the presence of fats in urine by the presence of a positive red stained oily layer on top?
Enzyme secreted by parietal cells during the cephalic phase
What is gastrin? (further stimulates secretion of gastric juices)
Cells that line the afferent and efferent arteries of the renal corpuscle and what they secrete.
What is juxtaglomerula cells and renin?