Hepatitis
What is hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
What causes infectious hepatitis
Hepatitis virus A, B, C, D, and E
What is Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by microbial infection
What is the portal of exit for C.diff
Spores in fecal material
What genome does HIV have
Single stranded RNA
What type of virus is hep A
RNA naked
* why its resistant to infection
What type of hepatitis does not have and acute phase
Hepatitis A
Is C.diff a primary or opportunistic pathogen
Opportunistic
What is a pseudomembrane
Sheet of inflammation + Pus covering intestinal lining
What are the three viral enzymes packaged inside the HIV capsid
Reverse transcriptase, intergrase, protease
What type of virus is Hep B and Hep C
Hep B: enveloped virus with double stranded DNA genome (episome formation)
Hep C: enveloped virus with RNA genome
How is hep A able to leave the body
ends up in bile and then leaves the body through fecal matter
What is an enterotoxin
exotoxin that targets intestinal cells
What toxin does aspergillus produce
Aflatoxin
Why cant HIV be eliminated from the body?
the provirus is permanently intergrated into host DNA
Describe the Chronic phase
the immune system is unable to clear the virus causes a chronic, persistent infection that is dormant for years while causing recurring flares of symptoms
What causes the acute phase of hep B and C
replication in the liver
What do A and B toxins do inside cells
Disable signaling proteins -> cytopathic + cytotoxic damage
What type of bacterium is C.diff
gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe
What are HIV polyproteins
Large protein chains that must be cut by protease to form functional viral proteins
Who is most vulnerable to development of chronic phase in hep B
Children under 5
90% development rate
Portal of exit for hep B and C
blood and sexual secretions
what is the sources for theses types of food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus
Aspergillus
Staphylococcus aureus: dairy products/creamy salads
Clostridium perfringens: meat and gravy products
Bacillus cereus: grains and vegetables
Aspergillus: grain and nut crops
What antibiotic is used to treat C.diff
Metronidazole
What defines AIDS and at what T-helper cell level does AIDs begin
immune failure causing inability to fight infections or cancers.
200 cells/mL of blood