Digestive Basics
What is the main job of the digestive system?
To take food and process it into molecules that can easily be absorbed by cells.
What is chewing called?
Mastication.
What is the mixture of food and gastric juice in the stomach called?
Chyme.
What is one major substance absorbed by the large intestine?
Water.
Name one gastrointestinal pathology listed in the lesson.
: Cirrhosis, constipation, Crohn disease, diarrhea, gallstones, GERD, IBS, peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, or viral hepatitis.
What is the study of the digestive system called?
Gastroenterology.
What is the small round mass of food formed after food is chewed and mixed with saliva?
bolus.
What enzyme digests proteins in the stomach?
Pepsin.
What is the first section of the large intestine called?
The cecum
What pathology is commonly abbreviated as GERD?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
What is the process of breaking down food into simple molecules called?
Digestion.
Which enzyme in saliva begins carbohydrate digestion?
Salivary amylase, also called ptyalin.
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells.
What are the four subdivisions of the colon?
Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
What disease is listed that affects the intestines and is considered an inflammatory bowel disease?
crohn disease.
What process moves molecules into the blood and lymph vessels?
Absorption.
What tube transports food from the pharynx to the stomach?
The esophagus.
What percentage of absorption occurs in the small intestine?
Approximately 90%.
What structures form the pouch-like appearance of the large intestine?
Haustra.
Name the two inflammatory bowel diseases listed in the lesson.
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Name the five major processes of digestion discussed in the lesson.
ingestion, digestion, secretion, absorption, and defecation.
What is the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach that remains contracted to close the opening?
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
Name the three sections of the small intestine in order.
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
what are the three primary functions of the large intestine?
Absorption of water/electrolytes, vitamin production, and formation/elimination of feces.
Name all 5 gastrointestinal pathologies listed in the PowerPoint.
Cirrhosis
Constipation
Crohn disease
Diarrhea
Gallstones
Gastroesophageal reflux disease