Thinking Developmentally
These are the two developmental periods where the changes are most rapid across multiple aspects of functioning.
What are infancy and the elderly years?
This is the term used to describe the shared expectations within a culture for specific behaviors within a specific part of the lifespan.
What are developmental tasks?
Disabilities are categorized by how they present (i.e., their symptoms and impacts). Your text identifies these three broad categories of disabilities.
What are psychiatric, physical, and developmental?
Beatrice Wright developed her Cognitive Restructuring Theory through observations and interviews with people from this subgroup of individuals.
What is military veterans who acquired a physical disability during combat?
This term is used to describe when adaptation to disability leads to far-reaching, positive growth for an individual. Prof Hepburn gave an example of a mother of triplets with autism who became active in parent support and advocacy in her community. This mother found meaning in these efforts and was able to make a substantial impact on the wellbeing of other parents and children.
What is transformational?
In this kind of developmental theory, growth is expected to occur in spurts, dips and plateaus - not in a steady, progressive course.
What is a stage theory (or a discontinuous theory)?
Some disabilities are characterized by symptoms that vary over time, as described by this term.
What is episodic?
Adjustments tend to be fewer for the individual who acquires a disability and for their family members when the course of the disability is described with this term.
What is stable?
This is the first stage of the Developmental Stage Theory of Adaptation and speaks to the feeling of being "caught in a hurricane" upon learning one has a disability (or one's loved one has a disability).
What is shock?
Professor Hepburn mentioned these countries as doing several innovative community-wide actions to improve accessibility and combat stigma associated with disability.
What are the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Denmark, and/or Singapore?
This word is used to describe developmental tasks that are completed earlier or later than expected within a given culture, leading to stress and sometimes stigmatization.
What is "off-time"?
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a person with a disability is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of these.
What are major life activities?
A person who prefers "Identity-first" language views descriptive language (i.e., "autistic", "deaf") as important for reducing this sociological phenomena, which is characterized by negative assumptions that invalidate, marginalize and exclude people.
What is stigma?
This theory suggests that it is important for the psychological wellbeing of a person who has recently acquired a disability to take a break from regular responsibilities, process their experiences, and identify supports needed across contexts (e.g. work, home).
What is the Social Moratorium Theory?
In class, Professor Hepburn discussed how the transition to college is an example of this developmental phenomenon where growth comes from being thrown off balance, or initially disorganized, eventually leading to a lot of personal growth.
What is disequilibrium?
This type of developmental theories does not allow for reversability (i.e., it assumes that a person cannot go back to earlier stages of development).
What are biological theories?
This epidemiological term is used to describe the total number of cases of a condition in a population over a specific time period of time.
What is prevalence?
Some disabilities are known to present with this type of developmental course, which is characterized by declines in functioning over time, either rapidly or slowly.
What is degenerative?
This theory of adaptation stresses the importance of expanding one's value systems and containing the impacts of the disability on functioning.
What is Cognitive Restructuring Theory?
In her opening lecture, Professor Hepburn described several reasons why this flower is an apt symbol for the disability advocacy movement.
"What is the sunflower?"
These kinds of theories conceptualize development as a dynamic process involving complex interactions amongst biological, social, and psychological factors.
What are "sociocultural theories" or "Life Course theory"?
In developmental stage theories, this type of developmental growth occurs when the successful completion of one stage makes it possible for the person to tackle the challenges in the next stage.
What is epigenetic?
Higher rates of disability in a society are reflective of advances in this kind of science.
What is medicine or public health?
The stages of adaptation described in the Developmental Stage theory are similar to the theory of grief initially posited by this psychologist.
Who is Kubler-Ross?
Professor Hepburn gave an example of this key concept of Sociocultural theories of development, when she described how her experiences growing up in the 1970s/1980s are distinctly different in several ways from the experiences of people who grew up in the 2000s/2010s.
What are "cohort effects"? or "Chronosystem effects?"