Washington Naval Conference
What year did the Conference take place?
Between 1921 and 1922
What year was the Pact signed?
1925
What year was the Pact signed?
1928
It was signed in 1925
Locarno Pact
At the Washington Naval Conference, Japan and Britain agreed to a ratio of 5:5:2
At the Washington Naval Conference, Japan and Britain agreed to a ratio of 5:5:(3)
Give two reasons why America wanted the conference.
Rising Japanese militarism and an international arms race
Who proposed the Locarno Pact?
Germany
What was the aim of the Kellog-Briand Pact?
It was designed to make war illegal
Germany was a signatory
Locarno Pact and Kellogs-Briand Pact
Britain and the USA agreed not to improve their existing naval facilities (British base in Philippines, USA base in Hong Kong)
Britain and the USA agreed not to improve their existing naval facilities (British base in (Hong Kong), USA base in the (Philippines))
Which were the most important countries invited to the conference?
United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy
What two promises did Germany agree to in the Pact?
Germany agreed to respect its new Western boundaries as determined by the Treaty of Versailles
Germany also agreed not to remilitarise the Rhineland along its Western border with France
Who were the 6 most influential signatories of the Pact?
France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States.
This Treaty is still in effect to this day
Kellogs-Briand Pact
Lorcano Pact held a guarantee from Germany to respect their Eastern borders
Lorcano Pact held (NO) a guarantee from Germany to respect their Eastern borders
Countries agreed to maintain a balance in their respective fleets according to the ratio of 5:5:3 and not to build any new warships for the next 10 years
What was not guaranteed in the Locarno Pact? Why?
No guarantee for the Eastern borders as Germany hoped to secure a peaceful change of border with Poland and reincorporate the former German territories
What was the biggest loophole in the Pact?
Loophole in the Pact allowed for undeclared wars since the countries involved would not be officially at war
This is viewed as a successful model for future disarmament after WW2
Washington Naval Conference
Germany agreed in the Kellog-Briand Pact not to remilitarise the Rhineland along its Western border with France.
Germany agreed in the (Locarno Pact) not to remilitarise the Rhineland along its Western border with France.
What were the two main failures of the Conference?
Major naval powers remained suspicious of each other, causing them to engage in a short race to build battle cruisers which had been limited to size and not numbers
Saved money was diverted to construction of smaller vessels which were not covered under the treaty
What were the three successes of the Locarno Pact?
Improved relations between Germany and its former enemies
Paved the way for Germany’s membership in the League of Nations
A successful disarmament effort
What were the three key failures of the Pact?
Pact had no mechanisms for enforcement
Pact allowed wars in self-defence
It did not end war or stop the rise of militarism
Development of the Dreadnought led to this Treaty
Washington Naval Conference
A loophole in the Kellogg-Briand Pact allowed for undeclared wars, as in the Japanese invasion of Abyssinia in 1931 and the Italian invasion of Manchuria in 1935
A loophole in the Kellogg-Briand Pact allowed for undeclared wars, as in the Japanese invasion of (Manchuria) in 1931 and the Italian invasion of (Abyssinia) in 1935