Nonpharm Pain Mgmt
This childbirth education method is considered the "gold standard"
What is the Lamaze method?
This class of medications is primarily used to relieve anxiety and promote sleep during prolonged labor.
What are sedatives?
This regional anesthesia is most commonly used for pain control during labor.
What is an epidural?
Before a neuraxial block, the nurse should encourage the patient to do this to prevent bladder overdistention.
What is void?
This inhaled analgesic is a 50:50 mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide.
What is nitrous oxide?
This labor support technique is especially helpful for relieving back labor.
What is counterpressure?
These opioid agonists are commonly used IV during active labor.
What are fentanyl, morphine, or remifentanil?
This regional anesthesia is most commonly used for cesarean birth.
What is a spinal block?
While the epidural is active, maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate should be monitored at this frequency initially.
What is every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes?
Unlike IV medications, this person must administer nitrous oxide.
Who is the laboring patient?
This nonpharmacologic intervention has been shown to reduce the length of labor and increase satisfaction with pain relief.
What is walking?
This medication should be readily available whenever opioid agonists are administered close to delivery.
What is naloxone (Narcan)?
Before an epidural is placed, the nurse should administer this IV fluid to decrease the risk of hypotension.
What is a 500–1000 mL Lactated Ringer's bolus?
The nurse should reposition the patient this often while an epidural is infusing to prevent "hot spots."
What is every hour?
This maternal side effect is the most common complication of epidural anesthesia and can decrease placental perfusion.
What is hypotension?
These are the nurse's "Three R's" when evaluating a laboring patient's coping.
What are Rhythm, Ritual, and Relaxation?
This opioid was commonly used in the past but is no longer recommended because neonatal respiratory depression cannot be reversed with naloxone.
What is Demerol (meperidine)?
This vasopressor is commonly administered when maternal hypotension develops after an epidural.
What is ephedrine?
These six symptoms suggest local anesthetic toxicity during epidural initiation.
What are lightheadedness, dizziness, tinnitus, metallic taste, numbness of the mouth/tongue, slurred speech (or bizarre behavior), convulsions, or loss of consciousness?
This position should be maintained during general anesthesia to improve uteroplacental perfusion.
What is the left lateral tilt (wedge under the hip)?
This cycle explains how anxiety can worsen labor pain and contribute to birth trauma.
What is the Fear–Tension–Pain Cycle?
These opioid agonist-antagonists have a lower risk of respiratory depression but may precipitate withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients.
What are butorphanol (Stadol) and nalbuphine (Nubain)?
These are four contraindications to epidural anesthesia.
What are maternal hypotension, hemorrhage, coagulopathy/anticoagulant use, infection at the insertion site, increased ICP, or maternal refusal?
Following epidural placement, the nurse should not leave the room until the patient has reached this condition.
What is hemodynamic stability (stable maternal VS and FHR)?
These are the two major fetal risks associated with prolonged general anesthesia during delivery.
What are fetal depression and respiratory depression?