Terms
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychology
Established the first psychological lab in the United States at John Hopkins; founded the American Psychological Association (APA)
Stanley Hall
research strategy in which a group of variables is studied in the same group of participants over time
Longitudinal design
the specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and systems
Biological Psychology
the process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heat, or pressure
sensation
believed that psychology should focus its scientific investigations strictly on overt behavior:
Behaviorism
Founded Behaviorism
Watson
research strategy in which individuals of different ages or developmental stages are directly compared
cross-sectional design
a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell
Neuron
the process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations
perception
focuses on the conditions and processes that contribute to the optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions.
positive psychology
Conducted the experiment "the case of little albert"
Watson
A selected segment of the population used to represent the group that is being studied
sample
type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract
Motor Neuron
the process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system
Transduction
attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people
culture
helped launch positive psychology.
Seligman
A selected segment that very closely parallels the larger population being studied on relevant characteristics
Representative Sample
The type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to the next
interneuron
The decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus
Sensory Adaptation
those that emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the needs and goals of the individual
collectivistic cultures
Contends that most human behavior is acquired through observational learning.
Albert Bandura
Tolman’s term for the mental representation of the layout of a familiar environment
cognitive map
3 basic components of a neuron
1.Cell body (soma): nucleus, chromosomes
2.Dendrites
3.Axon
the process by which the lens changes shape to focus incoming light so that it falls on the retina
Accomodation