Vocabulary
Biconditional Statement
p if and only if q (p <--> q)
What do we call the rows in a truth table that have two true premises?
Critical rows
What is the structure of generalization (name both posiblities) using p and q
a. p
therefore p or q
b. q
therefore p or q
What is the logic form of a sufficient statement turned into a conditional statement?
if r then s
Name two of the fallacies we discussed in class.
Converse error and Inverse error.
an error in reasoning that results in an invalid argument.
Fallacy
Analyze the truth table and state whether or not the following argument is valid:
invalid
Name the structure of the following argument:
If p then q
p
therefore q
Modus Ponens
What are the logic forms of a necessary statement turned into a conditional statement?
"if ~r then ~s"
or
"if s then r"
True or False:
Mr. Smejkal is younger than Mrs. Smejkal.
False. He is almost a year older.
a sequence of statements
argument
TRUE or FALSE:
The truth table for an argument can have a row with two false premises and still be a valid argument.
TRUE
Name the structure of the following argument:
If you are a senior then you are an upper classman.
You are not an upper classman.
Therefore you are not a senior.
Modus Tollens
What is the logic form of an unless statement turned into a conditional statement?
if ~s then r
Solve the complex deduction:
buried under the flagpole
assumptions or hypotheses of an argument
premises
Is the following argument invalid because of converse or inverse error?
If Caleb and Dylan sit next to each other, then the classroom will be loud.
The classroom is loud.
Therefore Caleb and Dylan are sitting next to each other.
Converse error
Name the structure of the following argument:
x-3=0 OR x+2=0
x does not equal -2
Therefore x+3=0
Elimination
Turn this statement into a conditional statement:
We are going to the party unless it snows.
If it doesn't snow then we are going to the party.
What are the names of Mrs. Smejkal's kids (spelling counts). Who is the oldest?
Konrad and Cadence. Konrad is the oldest.
if the resulting premises are all true, then the conclusion is also true
valid statement
Name the following argument structure and prove it is is valid using a truth table. Then come up with a real example of the argument.
If p then q
Not q
Therefore not p
Modus Tollens
One critical row yields T conclusion
Example: TBD
Name the structure of the following argument:
If Mrs. Smejkal eats a good breakfast then she will have enough energy for the morning.
If Mrs. Smejkal has enough energy for the morning then she will teach a good lesson.
Therefore if Mrs. Smejkal eats a good breakfast then she will teach a good lesson.
transitivity
Turn the necessary statement into a conditional statement:
Knowing how to manage your finances is a necessary condition for being a successful adult.
If you are a successful adult, then you know how to manage your finances.
If you do not know how to manage your finances, then you will be a successful adult.
Name three other fallacies that exist that we did not discuss in class.
Ambiguous premises
Circular reasoning
Jumping to a conclusion