Study Design
Study most commonly used against rare diseases and specifically food-borne outbreaks
Case-Control Study
Smallpox was eradicated in ____ and currently only exists at ___.
When is 1980 and where is CDC headquarters Atlanta USA and the Vector Institute Koltsovo Russia
The causative agent of the disease Cholera
What is Vibrio Cholerae
During which stage does clinical diagnoses usually occur?
Stage of Susceptability --> Stage of Subclinical Disease --> Stage of Clinical Disease --> Stage of Recovery, Disease or Death.
What is the Stage of Clinical Disease
What is Emory University
Study most commonly associated with temporal ambiguity bias.
What is a cross-sectional study
Attempted to disprove Spallanzani and the theory of spontaneous generation. (middle name gets extra points)
Who is John Turberville Needham
The two bacterial genera that produce endospores.
What are Bacillus and Clostridium
In the causal pie model, all must be present to produce disease, and removing any single ___ would prevent the outcome from occurring.
What are component causes.
HIPAA is an acronym for.
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (of 1996)
Statistic that avoids temporal ambiguity by measuring new cases among exposed individuals after a known exposure event.
The first human to observe and record microorganisms like bacteria.
Who is Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
The process of dessicating a microorganism to reduce pathogenicity
What is Attenuation
Exceptions to Koch's postulates.
What is pathogens unable to grow in a pure culture (viruses or prions), diseases caused by asymptomatic carriers, and diseases caused by multiple microorganisms.
A microorganism resistant to numerous antibiotic treatments. Give an example.
Examples: What is MRSA, C.Diff, VRE, ect...
Occurs when cases are more likely than controls to recall past exposures and the type of study it most often affects.
What is recall bias and a case-control study.
This chemical compound started to be added to salt to prevent goiter/hyperthyroidism?
Answer the compound and year.
What is Potassium Iodide (KI) and when is 1924
A disease spread by healthcare workers. Give an example.
What is nosicomial.
Example: Catheder associated UTI, surgical infections, VA Pneumonia
Represents the average number of secondary infections produced by one infected individual in a completely susceptible population.
What is R0 or the Basic Reproductive Number
Uses existing records to identify exposed and unexposed groups. Follows them forward through historical data to determine outcomes, allowing researchers to efficiently study diseases with long latency periods.
What is a retrospective(historical) cohort study.
Eugene Lim's favorite microbiologist?
Who is Louis Pasteur
What is the beta lactam ring.
Who
What is the World Health Organization
Sabir Sobur's favorite epidemiologist.
Who is John Snow