Reproduction
The term for a fertilized egg.
Zygote
What are the base pairs in DNA?
A with T
C with G
What is the name of the process where a cell creates an exact copy of itself?
Mitosis
This causes a change in DNA that can result in uncontrolled cell growth.
Mutation
This process produces haploid gametes
Meiosis
Type of reproduction where there is only 1 parent and all offspring are identical to the parent cell.
Asexual reproduction
DNA
What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
Growth and repair
A cell that does not follow the checkpoints in the cell cycle can lead to uncontrolled cell growth also known as...
Cancer
If an organisms cells have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a gamete have?
12
These twins develop from one fertilized egg and have identical DNA.
Identical twins
Fill in the missing term in the following sequence:
DNA - Chromosome - _________ - Nucleotide
Gene
True/False: If there is a mutation in a cell, that mutation will be passed down to all the daughter cells produced from it.
True
A population of rabbits was studied and it was found that in cooler climates, the rabbits had darker fur and in warmer climates, they had lighter fur. This explains how _______________ plays a role in how genes are expressed.
Environment (temp)
How many cells are made by meiosis and how do they compare to each other?
4, all genetically unique
The reason why fraternal twins have different (non-identical) DNA.
Two different eggs are fertilized.
If Cytosine (C) is 67% of a DNA sequence, what percentage of Guanine
67%
What is the name of the process that creates specialized cells in an embryo?
Differentiation
Explain how, if a person dyes their hair or gets a tattoo, it will not be passed on to their offspring.
Define crossing over
Genetic material moving from one homologous chromosome to the other.
What 2 processes happen to turn a zygote into a multicellular organism?
Mitosis and Differentiation
If Adenine is 20% of DNA, what percentage is Cytosine?
40% C
How are the cells in one organism able to have differences in shape and function?
They turn on certain genes and don't use others. (gene expression)
If identical twins share the same DNA, how do they develop differences in phenotypes over time?
Epigenetics (differences in environment, stressors, methyl groups)
How does meiosis or sexual reproduction increase variation in a species?
Combines DNA from two organisms through fertilization, crossing over