Homeostasis & Receptors
The process of keeping internal body conditions stable is called ________.
Homeostasis
Which body system sends fast electrical messages?
Nervous system
An organism or agent that causes disease is called a ________.
Pathogen
A disease regularly found in a particular area or population is ________.
Endemic
What is the body’s first line of defence mainly trying to do?
Stop pathogens entering the body
A change in the internal or external environment is called a ________.
Stimulus
What specialised cells carry messages through the nervous system?
Neurons
Name one type of pathogen.
Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, prion or macroparasite
A sudden outbreak of disease in a population or region is an ________.
Epidemic
Name one part of the first line of defence.
Skin, mucus, cilia, tears, saliva, stomach acid
What type of receptor detects light?
Photoreceptor
Chemical messages released by glands are called ________.
Hormones
The spread of a pathogen from one organism to another is called ________.
Transmission
A disease outbreak that spreads across many countries or continents is a ________.
Pandemic
What do phagocytes do?
Engulf and destroy pathogens
What type of receptor detects temperature changes?
Thermoreceptor
How do hormones travel around the body?
Through the blood / bloodstream
A mosquito carrying a pathogen from one person to another is called a ________.
Vector
COVID-19 spreading across many countries is an example of what?
Pandemic
What do memory cells help the immune system do?
Recognise and respond faster to a pathogen in the future
Give one example of a condition the body keeps stable through homeostasis.
E.g. body temperature, blood glucose, water levels, oxygen levels
Give one difference between the nervous system and endocrine system.
Nervous = fast/electrical/neurons/short-lasting; endocrine = slower/chemical/blood/longer-lasting
Give one example of direct transmission and one example of indirect transmission.
E.g. direct = touching/body fluids; indirect = contaminated surface/food/water/vector
Explain why malaria can be described as endemic in some regions.
It occurs regularly / is usually present in those regions
Explain how vaccination helps protect a person from an infectious disease.
It prepares the immune system to recognise the pathogen and form antibodies/memory cells, allowing a faster response later