miscellenous
6 MAJOR TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
▪ Generalized Anxiety Disorder
▪ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
▪ Panic Disorder
▪ Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
▪ Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
▪ Specific Phobias
Failure of activation of critical attention and control
circuits in the brain, Inactivity of the frontal cortex
ADHD
ADHD
model that focus on how people interpret experiences
Cognitive Model
Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or guilty after overeating
Binge Eating Disorder
Overactive threat detection + reduced regulation + reinforcement of fear state through avoidance
common to all anxiety disorders
Amygdala hyperactivity, Under-production of GABA neurotransmitter
generalized anxiety disorder
Fatigue
sleep or appetite changes
Depression
In psychology, psychopathology conceptualized on a continuum; from less to more symptoms vs where pathology refers to disease processes or a disorder; present or not.
Dimensional Model vs Disease Model
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with gaining weight
Anorexia Nervosa
Nearly 75% of people with anxiety disorders have their first episode by age
21
▪ Enlarged ventricles
▪ Reduced gray matter
▪ Altered white matter connectivity
▪ Disrupted cortical maturation
Schizophrenia
difficulties with social communication
repetitive behaviors
sensory sensitivities
ASD
The theory that psychopathology develops when a person has some vulnerability or predisposition, and that vulnerability interacts with stress.
Diathesis-stress theory of psychopathology
What are the main neurotransmitters involved in eating disorders
serotonin and dopamine
Bipolar Disorder Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter: Serotonin
increases negative symptoms and cognitive impairment
increase positive symptoms
Hypodopaminergia in prefrontal cortex
Hyperdopaminergia in mesolimbic pathways
avoidance behaviors
physical arousal (heart racing, sweating)
Anxiety
Treats mental disorders like illnesses that can be diagnosed and categorized. Symptoms cluster into recognizable disorders vs Focuses on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and environmental experiences that contribute to distress. Understand why symptoms occur and what maintains them.
medical model vs psychological model
How frequent must the behavior be for a bulimia nervosa diagnosis
1x/week for 3 months +
what has a higher heritability, depression or bipolar?
bipolar at .70, depression at .20-.20
stems from interpersonal violence, structural inequality, or chronic discrimination
social ptsd
disorganized thinking
reduced emotional expression
social withdrawal
Schizophrenia
cycles of hypomania and depression
Bipolar 2
Weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplements
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)