Outer Ear
Name an obstruction someone could have in the OE.
Insect, cerumen, random objects, amniotic fluid and vermin (newborns)
What is a permanent treatment solution for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction?
Pressure Equalization (PE) Tubes
Name of HL due to aging
Presbycusis
Name one test that does NOT test hearing
Electrophysiological Testing: tympanometry, acoustic reflex testing, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, or auditory steady state response
Name one difference between a screening and a diagnostic test.
Screening:
-Test large numbers of subjects
-Test simply and efficiently
- Detect indicators of HL for referral Don’t refer those WNL
Diagnostic Testing:
Test specific individuals identified at risk
Test in detail and at greater cost
Establish presence or absence of HL / definitive diagnosis
What do OE disorders affect?
deflection, collection, direction and resonance enhancement
What do ME disorders affect?
vibration, conduction and amplification
What do inner ear disorders affect?
sensory reception fo sound waves, amplification of sound, and neural encoding of sound
Why do children need to hear better than adults?
Children are still learning language
What is CPA and what population is it the preferred testing method?
Conditioned Play Audiometry; preschoolers, special populations, etc.
What are the two surgical treatment methods of microtia?
MEDPOR ear or Rib reconstruction
Name this disorder: Individuals with this disorder have kidney problems, cysts on neck, microtia and ossicualr abnormalities
Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) Syndrome
Name the one test of hearing that ONLY tests the IE
Bone Conduction
Explain the 3 types of tympanogram results (Type A, B and C)
Type A=TM movement WNL
– Indicative of normal middle ear function
- peak at about 0
Type B=NO TM movement
– With normal ear canal volume, indicative of: Fluid in ME (most common) or Fixed ossicles
– With large ear canal volume, indicative of:Perforation in TM or Patent (open) PE tube
-flat line
Type C=TM retraction
– Indicative of Eustachian tube dysfunction
-peak at less than 0
Why is OAE screening NOT the preferred test of choice of NBHS?
BONUS (+100): What is the preferred test for NBHS?
OAE screen – will miss babies with ANSD
BONUS: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
What is atresia?
no hole leading to the EAM
What is otosclerosis and how do we treat it?
Bony growth over the stapes, stapedectomy
Name the most common congenital abnormality of the IE
Common Cavity Deformity
Bone conduction without masking and sound field testing is not _______.
BONUS (+200): What are the audiogram symbols for unmasked bone conduction left/right ears?
ear specific
BONUS:
Right Ear: red <
Left Ear: Blue >
Name one reason a child would be referred to an audiologist after a school hearing screening.
- 30dB HL or greater at 2 or more frequencies on 2 consecutive tests at least 2 and no more than 6 weeks apart*
-OR-
40dB HL or greater at 1 frequency on 2 consecutive tests at least 2 and no more than 6 weeks apart*
-OR-
Evidence of pathology
Referral for “medical-audiological” examination *CCS (CA Children’s Services – must be more than 6 weeks apart)
What is the difference between swimmer's ear and surfer's ear?
Swimmer's ear: otitis externa; bacterial fungal infection
Surfer's ear: osteoma or exostosis; stenosis due to calcium deposits in the EAM (cold water)
Describe the process of eustachian tube dysfunction to otitis media
(1) the eustachian tube does not ___open____
(2) Middle ear cavity needs __oxygen____.
(3) the pressure of the OE is ___greater___ than the pressure in the ME.
(4) _Tympanic Membrane____ becomes retracted (pulled back into the ME)
(5) __vacuum____ is created in the ME
(6) _______intracellular fluid_____ is pulled in the ME cavity
What does the acronym CHARGE stand for?
C= coloboma: hole in the retina, iris or optic disc
H= hear disorder
A= choanal atresia
R= retarded growth
G= genitourninary abnormalities
E= ear anomalies “elf ears”—a more pointed pinna
Describe the processing of bracketing
Describe the Stenger Test (how we test people who are faking a hearing loss)
BONUS (+100): What do we call someone who is faking a hearing loss?
Louder input, but below “threshold” in poorer ear
■ If telling truth, should be too quiet to hear
Quieter input, but above threshold in better ear
■ If telling truth, should be easily audible
BONUS: malingerer