Disorders of Motility
The gold standard for diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease
What is rectal biopsy?
1 wk old baby w/ bilious vomiting, draws up his legs, has abdominal distension
What is malrotation and volvulus?
Also known as gluten-induced enteropathy
What is celiac disease?
Name two nursing care measures specific patients with Nephrotic Syndrome and Glomerulonephritis.
For Nephrotic Syndrome, pediatric nursing care measures may include monitoring for signs of fluid overload, administering corticosteroids, and promoting dietary restrictions. For Glomerulonephritis, pediatric nursing care measures may include monitoring for signs of hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, as well as providing education on the importance of compliance with medication regimens and follow-up appointments.
This is the term used in pediatric nursing to describe the involuntary release of urine during sleep, typically in children older than 5 years of age, and is not caused by a medical condition or other factors
What is "Primary Nocturnal Enuresis" or "Bedwetting"?
What are the key anatomical and physiological differences between pediatric and adult patients that impact trauma management?
Pediatric patients have proportionally larger heads, smaller airways, more flexible bones, and higher metabolic rates compared to adults. They also have a greater risk of hypothermia due to a higher surface area-to-volume ratio.
A disorder characterized by alternating diarrhea and constipation, flatulence, bloating, a feeling of urgency when needing to defecate and a feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowel, nighttime waking due to abdominal pain or urge to defecate
What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Newborn with defect to the right of the midline, no sac. During pregnancy, high maternal AFP
What is gastroschisis?
Name 3 causes of abnormal absorption
Celiac disease
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
The recommended fluid replacement therapy for pediatric patients with moderate dehydration
What is oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing electrolytes and glucose.
An infant with this condition needs to have circumcision referred to a pediatric surgeon. Name 2
What is hypospadias or epispadias?
Syndrome characterized by intracranial hemorrhages, retinal hemorrhages, and diffuse axonal injury. Infants may present with symptoms such as lethargy, seizures, vomiting, and altered consciousness.
What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?
Name at least 3 causes of abnormal motility
Gastroenteritis
Enteritis
Enterocolitis
Colitis
Diarrhea
IBS
GERD
Hirschsprung’s
4 wk old male w/ projectile, non-bilious vomiting and palpable “olive.” Dx? Treatment?
What is pyloric stenosis?
Tx pyloromyotomy.
State why general malnutrition is present in those with celiac disease
The villi of the small intestine are damaged due to the body’s immunologic response to the digestion of gluten. The function of the villi is to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. When the villi are blunted or damaged, malnutrition occurs.
These are common causes of fluid loss leading to dehydration.
What are diarrhea and vomiting.
This disorder occurs because of excessive excretion of protein in urine from increased glomerular filtration permeability
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Providing oxygen therapy, respiratory support (such as assisted ventilation), initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and monitoring for complications such as hypothermia and aspiration pneumonia are the primary interventions for a patient that has experienced this trauma event.
What is drowning?
Name the ways to decrease diarrhea and treatment to prevent dehydration
Good hand hygiene
Safe drinking water
Vaccines
Tx: IV Fluids and/or Oral rehydration solutions
2 month old baby has colicky abd pain and currant jelly stool w/ a sausage shaped mass in the RUQ. Dx and tx?
What is intussusception?
Tx: air contrast or saline enema.
Poor growth patterns and perianal skin tags or fissure are indicative of this disease process
What is Crohn’s disease?
Laboratory finding is typically observed in pediatric patients with dehydration
What is elevated serum sodium concentration (hypernatremia).
Most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children.
What is a group A beta hemolytic strep infection? (Strep throat)
These common household substances that pose a risk of accidental ingestion in pediatric patients.
What are cleaning products (e.g., bleach, detergents), medications (both prescription and over-the-counter), plants (e.g., oleander, mistletoe), and household chemicals (e.g., antifreeze, pesticides)?
Name 3 common causes of sudden/acute diarrhea
Food poisoning
Traveler’s diarrhea
Stomach flu
Viruses/Bacteria/Parasites
Viruses → rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus Bacteria → Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli Parasites→ Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium
The other name for Hirschsprung disease
What is congenital aganglionic megacolon?
The need for nutritional support may be provided through this method
What is total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
This is a common treatable cause of enuresis.
What is constipation?
Pharmacological intervention is commonly used in pediatric patients with Nephrotic Syndrome to reduce proteinuria and edema
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone. These medicines suppress the immune system, reduce the amount of protein passed into the urine, and decrease swelling.
These are the primary focus of a trauma assessment in pediatric patients.
What are the rapid identification and treatment of life-threatening injuries? This includes assessing airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure (ABCDE approach), as well as obtaining a thorough history and performing a head-to-toe physical examination.
This is the most appropriate oral rehydration solution (ORS) recommended for treating dehydration in pediatric patients, containing a balanced combination of electrolytes and glucose to help restore and maintain hydration
What is Pedialyte?
This is the primary diagnostic test used in pediatric nursing to confirm the presence of pyloric stenosis, which involves visualizing the thickened muscle at the junction of the stomach and small intestine
What is an "ultrasound" or "abdominal ultrasound"?
This is the malabsorption disorder in pediatric patients, often caused by pancreatic insufficiency, leading to difficulty digesting fats and fat-soluble vitamins and resulting in greasy, foul-smelling stools
What is "Cystic Fibrosis-related Malabsorption"?
The term used in pediatric nursing to describe the involuntary passage of stool into clothing, typically in children beyond the age when they should have gained bowel control, and it is often related to chronic constipation
What is "Encopresis" or "Fecal Soiling"?
This pediatric renal condition is often preceded by a streptococcal infection, presents with symptoms like hematuria, edema, and hypertension, and is associated with "tea-colored" urine. What is the name of this condition?
What is "Acute Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis" or "Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis"?
Name some injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of trauma in pediatric patients.
strategies include educating parents and caregivers about safe sleep practices (to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), using age-appropriate car seats and seat belts, implementing safety measures around water (e.g., pool fences, supervision), and storing hazardous substances and objects out of reach of children.