Symptoms & Diagnoses
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities (anhedonio).
What is a Major Depressive Disorder?
Irritability almost every day, with frequent severe temper outbursts, anger, and trouble functioning due to irritability.
What "Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder"?
_____________ is known to be a significant risk period for bipolar disorder; mood symptoms start by then in roughly half of bipolar disorder cases.
What is adolescence?
People with mood disorders often have imbalances, particularly in these two neurotransmitters that are important regulators of appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood.
What are serotonin and norepinephrine?
Five symptoms for at least two-weeks, appetite fluctuations, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness.
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
An effective intervention in limiting negative behaviors by using contingency management, based on operant conditioning principles, reinforcing the child's appropriate behavior and ignoring negative behavior.
What is Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention?
_________ influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder.
What are genetic influences?
Since the 1950s, researchers have noted that depressed individuals have abnormal levels of ________, a stress hormone released into the blood by the endocrine system during times of stress.
What is cortisol?
Experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year (typically during the winter months).
What is Seasonal Pattern depression (as in symptoms related to Seasonal Depressive Disorder)?
A health problem that is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious. It causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a period starts.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?
_________ disorder involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and of hypomania, although these are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode.
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
Patients with bipolar disorder are typically treated with pharmacotherapy, typically _______, which is usually the first-line treatment choice.
What is lithium?
A mother experiences major depression following the birth of her child and often feels anxious and weepy.
What is Postpartum Onset Depressive Disorder?
Awake for 48 hours straight and showing impulsive behavior. She decides to withdraw from school and use her tuition money to gamble at the casino where she is certain she will hit it big and be set for life.
What are some Bipolar I symptoms?
Which theory states that certain predispositions or vulnerability factors influence one’s reaction to stress, and can lead to related disorders?
What is the diathesis stress model?
An ongoing concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder is __________.
What is medication compliance?
Sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder? (This was formerly called Dysthymia.)
Approximately 65% of people with bipolar disorder meet diagnostic criteria for at least one additional psychiatric disorder, most commonly...
What are anxiety disorders and/or substance use disorders?
According to cognitive theory, _________ is an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or that desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes.
What is hopelessness?
_______ is characterized by a single or recurrent manic episode. A depressive episode is not necessary, but commonly present for the diagnosis.
What is Bipolar I Disorder?